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Injecting Numerical Reasoning Skills into Language Models

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arxiv 2004.04487 v1 pith:TYMWKV4Z submitted 2020-04-09 cs.CL

Injecting Numerical Reasoning Skills into Language Models

classification cs.CL
keywords reasoningdatamodelsnumericallargeperformancepre-trainedskills
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Large pre-trained language models (LMs) are known to encode substantial amounts of linguistic information. However, high-level reasoning skills, such as numerical reasoning, are difficult to learn from a language-modeling objective only. Consequently, existing models for numerical reasoning have used specialized architectures with limited flexibility. In this work, we show that numerical reasoning is amenable to automatic data generation, and thus one can inject this skill into pre-trained LMs, by generating large amounts of data, and training in a multi-task setup. We show that pre-training our model, GenBERT, on this data, dramatically improves performance on DROP (49.3 $\rightarrow$ 72.3 F1), reaching performance that matches state-of-the-art models of comparable size, while using a simple and general-purpose encoder-decoder architecture. Moreover, GenBERT generalizes well to math word problem datasets, while maintaining high performance on standard RC tasks. Our approach provides a general recipe for injecting skills into large pre-trained LMs, whenever the skill is amenable to automatic data augmentation.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Generalizing Numerical Reasoning in Table Data through Operation Sketches and Self-Supervised Learning

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    TaNOS improves cross-domain numerical reasoning over tables by combining header anonymization, operation sketches, and self-supervised pretraining, achieving 80.13% accuracy on FinQA with 10% of training data.

  2. Generalizing Numerical Reasoning in Table Data through Operation Sketches and Self-Supervised Learning

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    TaNOS decouples table semantics from numerical structure via anonymization, sketches, and program-first self-supervision, yielding 80.13% FinQA accuracy with 10% data and near-zero cross-domain gap versus over 10pp fo...

  3. Inclusion-of-Thoughts: Mitigating Preference Instability via Purifying the Decision Space

    cs.CL 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Inclusion-of-Thoughts purifies multiple-choice questions by keeping only plausible options, stabilizing LLM preferences and improving chain-of-thought results on reasoning benchmarks.

  4. Inclusion-of-Thoughts: Mitigating Preference Instability via Purifying the Decision Space

    cs.CL 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Inclusion-of-Thoughts progressively filters out implausible MCQ distractors so LLMs focus on remaining options and report more stable chain-of-thought answers.