Pith. sign in

REVIEW 11 cited by

Black hole genealogy: Identifying hierarchical mergers with gravitational waves

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2005.00023 v3 pith:MK6OLGST submitted 2020-04-30 astro-ph.HE gr-qc

classification astro-ph.HEgr-qc
keywords blackhierarchicalmergersholesmergerbinaryfirst-generationfind
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
0 comments
abstract

In dense stellar environments, the merger products of binary black hole mergers may undergo additional mergers. These hierarchical mergers are predicted to have higher masses than the first generation of black holes made from stars. The components of hierarchical mergers are expected to have significant characteristic spins $\chi\sim 0.7$. However, since the population properties of first-generation black holes are uncertain, it is difficult to know if any given merger is first-generation or hierarchical. We use observations of gravitational waves to reconstruct the binary black hole mass and spin spectrum of a population containing hierarchical merger events. We employ a phenomenological model that captures the properties of merging binary black holes from simulations of dense stellar environments. Inspired by recent work on the isolated formation of low-spin black holes, we include a zero-spin subpopulation. We analyze binary black holes from LIGO and Virgo's first two observing runs, and find that this catalog is consistent with having no hierarchical mergers. We find that the most massive system in this catalog, GW170729, is mostly likely a first-generation merger, having a $4\%$ probability of being a hierarchical merger assuming a $5 \times 10^5 M_{\odot}$ globular cluster mass. Using our model, we find that $99\%$ of first-generation black holes in coalescing binaries have masses below 44 $M_{\odot}$, and the fraction of binaries with near-zero spin is $0.051^{+0.156}_{-0.048}$ ($90\%$ credible interval). Upcoming observations will determine if hierarchical mergers are a common source of gravitational waves.

Discussion (0). Sign in to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 11 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. A Four-dimensional Model-agnostic Probe into the Astrophysical Origins of Binary Black Hole Subpopulations

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A GPU-accelerated binned Gaussian process yields the first model-agnostic 4D BBH population in (m1, q, χeff, χp), revealing four mass-based subpopulations and new spin-mass-ratio correlations.

  2. High-mass binary black hole mergers from detailed binary evolution models

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Fully-conservative BH accretion is disfavored for high-mass BBH mergers; Eddington/GRRMHD accretion with kicks can match part of the LVK high-mass population but still needs another channel.

  3. Emergent structure in the binary black hole mass distribution and implications for population-based cosmology

    gr-qc 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    B-spline agnostic reconstruction of binary black hole masses from GWTC-4.0 reveals multiple features and a logarithmic hierarchy that impacts Hubble constant measurements, with a low-mass subpopulation isolation metho...

  4. Disentangling spinning and nonspinning binary black hole populations with spin sorting

    gr-qc 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Spin sorting with the default spin model distinguishes spinning and nonspinning binary black hole populations in simulations and shows real data rule out a fully nonspinning population but allow mixed ones with up to ...

  5. Evidence for additional structure in the effective spin distribution hints at multiple formation pathways in GWTC-5.0

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    GWTC-5.0 analysis finds evidence for structure beyond a non-skewed Gaussian bulk in χ_eff, with suggestive mass-dependent excess of positive over negative spins outside the bulk at 13:1 odds in one mass bin.

  6. Effects of formation channels and gravitational lensing on stochastic gravitational wave background

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    Using HBI on GWTC-4 data the authors compute lensed SGWBs for ABHs and PBHs and conclude that LIGO and ET can distinguish the two formation channels in specific frequency ranges, with ET offering broader coverage.

  7. Binary Black Hole Phase Space Discovers the Signature of Pair Instability Supernovae Mass Gap

    astro-ph.HE 2025-09 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    Applying a phase-space overlap method to GWTC-4, the paper claims first-generation black holes are truncated near 45.5 solar masses, but the cutoff follows from the assumed exponential mass prior rather than from the data.

  8. GWTC-2.1: Deep Extended Catalog of Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run

    gr-qc 2021-08 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

    GWTC-2.1 adds eight new high-significance compact binary coalescence events to the prior catalog, extending the observed black hole mass range and including candidates inside the pair-instability mass gap.

  9. Bayesian inference for compact binary coalescences with BILBY: Validation and application to the first LIGO--Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalogue

    astro-ph.IM 2020-06 unverdicted novelty 3.0 of 10

    BILBY is validated on simulated compact binary signals and reproduces the eleven GWTC-1 results with configuration and output files provided for reproduction.

  10. The first decade of gravitational-wave measurements of black hole spins

    gr-qc 2026-06 conditional novelty 1.0 of 10

    A decade of gravitational-wave data shows most merging stellar-mass black holes have small spins, with subdominant fast-spinning, misaligned, and hierarchical-merger populations.

  11. The first decade of gravitational-wave measurements of black hole spins

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted

    A review summarizing formation-channel predictions, waveform effects, and population-level constraints on stellar-mass black hole spins from the first decade of gravitational-wave observations.

Pith tools