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Artificial coherent states of light by multi-photon interference in a single-photon stream

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P. Steindl, H. Snijders, G. Westra, E. Hissink, K. Iakovlev, S. Polla, J. A. Frey, J. Norman
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A. C. Gossard, J. E. Bowers, D. Bouwmeester, W. Löffler

Quantum Physics · Submitted 29 Oct 2020

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim Here we demonstrate the reverse, by manipulating a random continuous single-photon stream using quantum interference in an optical Sagnac loop, we create engineered quantum states of light with tunable photon statistics, including approximate weak coherent states.

how it is stated · asserted 1.00 read the record →

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arXiv ID2010.15471 (version 2)
Pith ID2W5BOHAQ, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationA. C. Gossard, D. Bouwmeester, E. Hissink, G. Westra, H. Snijders, J. A. Frey, J. E. Bowers, J. Norman, K. Iakovlev, P. Steindl, S. Polla, W. L\"offler. "Artificial coherent states of light by multi-photon interference in a single-photon stream." arXiv:2010.15471 (2020). https://pith.science/paper/2W5BOHAQ
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The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,826 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.09 · states limitation 0.82 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.05 · randomized assignment 0.02 · states quantitative result 0.79 · compares with prior results 0.19 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

Coherent optical states consist of a quantum superposition of different photon number (Fock) states, but because they do not form an orthogonal basis, no photon number states can be obtained from it by linear optics. Here we demonstrate the reverse, by manipulating a random continuous single-photon stream using quantum interference in an optical Sagnac loop, we create engineered quantum states of light with tunable photon statistics, including approximate weak coherent states. We demonstrate this experimentally using a true single-photon stream produced by a semiconductor quantum dot in an optical microcavity, and show that we can obtain light with $g^{(2)}(0)\rightarrow1$ in agreement with our theory, which can only be explained by quantum interference of at least 3 photons. The produced artificial light states are, however, much more complex than coherent states, containing quantum entanglement of photons, making them a resource for multi-photon entanglement.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 Coherent optical states consist of a quantum superposition of different photon number (Fock) states, but because they do not form an orthogonal basis, no photon number states can be obtained from it by linear optics. background 0.98 0.04 0.03 asserted 1.00
s1 Here we demonstrate the reverse, by manipulating a random continuous single-photon stream using quantum interference in an optical Sagnac loop, we create engineered quantum states of light with tunable photon statistics, including approximate weak coherent states. contribution 0.98 0.96 0.74 asserted 1.00
s2 We demonstrate this experimentally using a true single-photon stream produced by a semiconductor quantum dot in an optical microcavity, and show that we can obtain light with $g^{(2)}(0)\rightarrow1$ in agreement with our theory, which can only be explained by quantum interference of at least 3 photons. result 0.95 0.97 0.29 asserted 1.00
s3 The produced artificial light states are, however, much more complex than coherent states, containing quantum entanglement of photons, making them a resource for multi-photon entanglement. interpretation 0.91 0.88 0.18 asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 0.76 · evidence from observation or experiment 1.00.

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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

Coherent optical states consist of a quantum superposition of different photon number (Fock) states, but because they do not form an orthogonal basis, no photon number states can be obtained from it by linear optics. Here we demonstrate the reverse, by manipulating a random continuous single-photon stream using quantum interference in an optical Sagnac loop, we create engineered quantum states of light with tunable photon statistics, including approximate weak coherent states. We demonstrate this experimentally using a true single-photon stream produced by a semiconductor quantum dot in an optical microcavity, and show that we can obtain light with $g^{(2)}(0)\rightarrow1$ in agreement with our theory, which can only be explained by quantum interference of at least 3 photons. The produced artificial light states are, however, much more complex than coherent states, containing quantum entanglement of photons, making them a resource for multi-photon entanglement.

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