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Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of ²⁰⁸Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

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arxiv 2102.10767 v2 pith:ZJUA75F5 submitted 2021-02-22 nucl-ex

Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of ²⁰⁸Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

D. Adhikari (1) , H. Albataineh (2) , D. Androic (3) , K. Aniol (4) , D.S. Armstrong (5) , T. Averett (5) , S. Barcus (6) , V. Bellini (7)
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R.S. Beminiwattha (8) J.F. Benesch (6) H. Bhatt (9) D. Bhatta Pathak (8) D. Bhetuwal (9) B. Blaikie (10) Q. Campagna (5) A. Camsonne (6) G.D. Cates (15) Y. Chen (8) C. Clarke (11) J.C. Cornejo (12) S. Covrig Dusa (6) P. Datta (13) A. Deshpande (11 14) D. Dutta (9) C. Feldman (11) E. Fuchey (13) C. Gal (11 15 14) D. Gaskell (6) T. Gautam (16) C. Ayerbe Gayoso (5) M. Gericke (10) C. Ghosh (17 11) I. Halilovic (10) J.-O. Hansen (6) F. Hauenstein (18) W. Henry (19) C.J. Horowitz (20) C. Jantzi (15) S. Jian (15) S. Johnston (17) D.C. Jones (19) B. Karki (21) S. Katugampola (15) C. Keppel (6) P.M. King (21) D.E. King (22) M. Knauss (23) K.S. Kumar (17) T. Kutz (11) N. Lashley-Colthirst (16) G. Leverick (10) H. Liu (17) N. Liyange (15) S. Malace (6) R. Mammei (24) J. Mammei (10) M. McCaughan (6) D. McNulty (1) D. Meekins (6) C. Metts (5) R. Michaels (6) M.M. Mondal (11 14) J. Napolitano (19) A. Narayan (25) D. Nikolaev (19) M.N.H. Rashad (18) V. Owen (5) C. Palatchi (15) 14 J. Pan (10) B. Pandey (16) S. Park (11) K.D. Paschke (15) M. Petrusky (11) M.L. Pitt (26) S. Premathilake (15) A.J.R. Puckett (13) B. Quinn (12) R. Radloff (21) S. Rahman (10) A. Rathnayake (15) B.T. Reed (20) P.E. Reimer (27) R. Richards (11) S. Riordan (27) Y. Roblin (6) S. Seeds (13) A. Shahinyan (28) P. Souder (22) L. Tang (6) 16 M. Thiel (29) Y. Tian (22) G.M. Urciuoli (30) E.W. Wertz (5) B. Wojtsekhowski (6) B. Yale (5) T. Ye (11) A. Yoon (31) A. Zec (15) W. Zhang (11) J. Zhang (11 14 32) X. Zheng (15) ((1) Idaho State University (2) Texas A & M University - Kingsville (3) University of Zagreb (4) California State University (5) William & Mary (6) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (7) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania (8) Louisiana Tech University (9) Mississippi State University (10) University of Manitoba (11) Stony Brook State University of New York (12) Carnegie Mellon University (13) University of Connecticut (14) Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science (15) University of Virginia (16) Hampton University (17) University of Massachusetts Amherst (18) Old Dominion University (19) Temple University (20) Indiana University (21) Ohio University (22) Syracuse University (23) Duquesne University (24) University of Winnipeg (25) Veer Kunwar Singh University (26) Virginia Tech (27) Argonne National Laboratory (28) Yerevan Physics Institute (29) Institut fur Kernphysik Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz (30) INFN - Sezione di Roma (31) Christopher Newport University (32) Shandong University)
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We report a precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry $A_{PV}$ in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from $^{208}$Pb. We measure $A_{PV}=550\pm 16 {\rm (stat)}\pm 8\ {\rm (syst)}$ parts per billion, leading to an extraction of the neutral weak form factor $F_W(Q^2 = 0.00616\ {\rm GeV}^2) = 0.368 \pm 0.013$. Combined with our previous measurement, the extracted neutron skin thickness is $R_n-R_p=0.283 \pm 0.071$~fm. The result also yields the first significant direct measurement of the interior weak density of $^{208}$Pb: $\rho^0_W = -0.0796\pm0.0036\ {\rm (exp.)}\pm0.0013\ {\rm (theo.)}\ {\rm fm}^{-3}$ leading to the interior baryon density $\rho^0_b = 0.1480\pm0.0036\ {\rm (exp.)}\pm0.0013\ {\rm (theo.)}\ {\rm fm}^{-3}$. The measurement accurately constrains the density dependence of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter near saturation density, with implications for the size and composition of neutron stars.

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