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Flavorful leptoquarks at the LHC and beyond: Spin 1
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 23 Mar 2021
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim While there is the exciting possibility that leptoquarks addressing the $R_{K,K^*}$-anomalies are observed at the LHC, to fully cover the parameter space $pp$-collisions beyond the LHC-energies are needed.
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Evidence for electron-muon universality violation that has been revealed in $b\to s \ell\ell$ transitions in the observables $R_{K,K^*}$ by the LHCb Collaboration can be explained with spin-1 leptoquarks in $SU(2)_L$ singlet $V_1$ or triplet $V_3$ representations in the ${\cal{O}}(1-10)$ TeV range. We explore the sensitivity of the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and future proton-proton colliders to $V_1$ and $V_3$ in the parameter space connected to $R_{K,K^*}$-data. We consider pair production and single production in association with muons in different flavor benchmarks. Reinterpreting a recent ATLAS search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $b \mu$ and $j \mu$, we extract improved limits for the leptoquark masses: For gauge boson-type leptoquarks ($\kappa=1$) we obtain $M_{V_1}> 1.9$ TeV, $M_{V_1}> 1.9$ TeV, and $M_{V_1}> 1.7$ TeV for leptoquarks decaying predominantly according to hierarchical, flipped and democratic quark flavor structure, respectively. Future sensitivity projections based on extrapolations of existing ATLAS and CMS searches are worked out. We find that for $\kappa=1$ the mass reach for pair (single) production of $V_1$ can be up to 3 TeV (2.1 TeV) at the HL-LHC and up to 15 TeV (19.9 TeV) at the FCC-hh with $\sqrt{s}=100$ TeV and $20 \, \mbox{ab}^{-1}$. The mass limits and reach for the triplet $V_3$ are similar or higher, depending on flavor. While there is the exciting possibility that leptoquarks addressing the $R_{K,K^*}$-anomalies are observed at the LHC, to fully cover the parameter space $pp$-collisions beyond the LHC-energies are needed.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Evidence for electron-muon universality violation that has been revealed in $b\to s \ell\ell$ transitions in the observables $R_{K,K^*}$ by the LHCb Collaboration can be explained with spin-1 leptoquarks in $SU(2)_L$ singlet $V_1$ or triplet $V_3$ representations in the ${\cal{O}}(1-10)$ TeV range. | background 0.95 | 0.13 | 0.33 | asserted 0.55 |
| s1 | We explore the sensitivity of the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and future proton-proton colliders to $V_1$ and $V_3$ in the parameter space connected to $R_{K,K^*}$-data. | contribution 1.00 | 0.80 | 0.05 | asserted 0.73 |
| s2 | We consider pair production and single production in association with muons in different flavor benchmarks. | method 0.66 | 0.81 | 0.03 | asserted 0.73 |
| s3 | Reinterpreting a recent ATLAS search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $b \mu$ and $j \mu$, we extract improved limits for the leptoquark masses: For gauge boson-type leptoquarks ($\kappa=1$) we obtain $M_{V_1}> 1.9$ TeV, $M_{V_1}> 1.9$ TeV, and $M_{V_1}> 1.7$ TeV for leptoquarks decaying predominantly according to hierarchical, flipped and democratic quark flavor structure, respectively. | result 0.99 | 0.90 | 0.13 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | Future sensitivity projections based on extrapolations of existing ATLAS and CMS searches are worked out. | method 0.64 | 0.86 | 0.04 | asserted 0.92 |
| s5 | We find that for $\kappa=1$ the mass reach for pair (single) production of $V_1$ can be up to 3 TeV (2.1 TeV) at the HL-LHC and up to 15 TeV (19.9 TeV) at the FCC-hh with $\sqrt{s}=100$ TeV and $20 \, \mbox{ab}^{-1}$. | result 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.25 | asserted 0.97 |
| s6 | The mass limits and reach for the triplet $V_3$ are similar or higher, depending on flavor. | result 1.00 | 0.82 | 0.09 | asserted 0.97 |
| s7 | While there is the exciting possibility that leptoquarks addressing the $R_{K,K^*}$-anomalies are observed at the LHC, to fully cover the parameter space $pp$-collisions beyond the LHC-energies are needed. | interpretation 0.54 | 0.24 | 0.55 | hedged possibility 0.68 |
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The paper
Original abstract
Evidence for electron-muon universality violation that has been revealed in $b\to s \ell\ell$ transitions in the observables $R_{K,K^*}$ by the LHCb Collaboration can be explained with spin-1 leptoquarks in $SU(2)_L$ singlet $V_1$ or triplet $V_3$ representations in the ${\cal{O}}(1-10)$ TeV range. We explore the sensitivity of the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and future proton-proton colliders to $V_1$ and $V_3$ in the parameter space connected to $R_{K,K^*}$-data. We consider pair production and single production in association with muons in different flavor benchmarks. Reinterpreting a recent ATLAS search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $b \mu$ and $j \mu$, we extract improved limits for the leptoquark masses: For gauge boson-type leptoquarks ($\kappa=1$) we obtain $M_{V_1}> 1.9$ TeV, $M_{V_1}> 1.9$ TeV, and $M_{V_1}> 1.7$ TeV for leptoquarks decaying predominantly according to hierarchical, flipped and democratic quark flavor structure, respectively. Future sensitivity projections based on extrapolations of existing ATLAS and CMS searches are worked out. We find that for $\kappa=1$ the mass reach for pair (single) production of $V_1$ can be up to 3 TeV (2.1 TeV) at the HL-LHC and up to 15 TeV (19.9 TeV) at the FCC-hh with $\sqrt{s}=100$ TeV and $20 \, \mbox{ab}^{-1}$. The mass limits and reach for the triplet $V_3$ are similar or higher, depending on flavor. While there is the exciting possibility that leptoquarks addressing the $R_{K,K^*}$-anomalies are observed at the LHC, to fully cover the parameter space $pp$-collisions beyond the LHC-energies are needed.
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References
How the literature uses it
23 arXiv papers cite this in 29 sentences
Papers citing it · 18 sentences without a confident label
Cites it as support 1 paper
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Combining angular distributions with LUV data strengthened the case for New Physics (NP), since a single NP contribution could reproduce the whole set of data [ref] .
Constraints on Lepton Universality Violation from Rare $B$ Decays · Introduction · 0.97
Cites it as background 8 papers
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The phenomenology of leptoquark models has been studied in literature [ref] , specially in the context of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment.
Phenomenology of Scalar Leptoquarks at the LHC in Explaining the Radiative Neutrino Mass, Muon $g-2$ and Lepton Flavour Violating Observables · Introduction · 0.94
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The sensitivity of the LHC and future colliders to tree-level mediators that can underpin the rare $B$-decay anomalies has been studied for the $Z'$ case in [ref] and for leptoquarks in [ref] (see also [ref] ); for the collider signatures of other models of the $B$-physics anomalies see [ref] and references therein.
Probing B-Anomalies via Dimuon Tails at a Future Collider · Introduction · 0.93
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While this project was under completion, a few papers containing updated EFT analysis of the $$ anomalies [ref] and of the simplified $U_1$ model [ref] appeared.
Reading the footprints of the B-meson flavor anomalies · Note Added · 0.97
What it cites · 69 sentences without a confident label
Builds on 1 paper
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In this paper we focus on the collider signatures of spin-1 (vector) leptoquarks, as a sequel to [ref] on the scalar leptoquark $S_3$.
Flavorful leptoquarks at hadron colliders · Introduction · 0.99
Uses the method or tool of 10 papers
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For the evaluation of the cross sections and the corresponding uncertainty bands we used [ref] with the [ref] output of the leptoquark models that we implemented using [ref] .
The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations · Single and pair production cross sections · 1.00
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For the evaluation of the cross sections and the corresponding uncertainty bands we used [ref] with the [ref] output of the leptoquark models that we implemented using [ref] .
UFO - The Universal FeynRules Output · Single and pair production cross sections · 1.00
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For the evaluation of the cross sections and the corresponding uncertainty bands we used [ref] with the [ref] output of the leptoquark models that we implemented using [ref] .
FeynRules 2.0 - A complete toolbox for tree-level phenomenology · Single and pair production cross sections · 1.00
Uses data or values from 10 papers
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We evaluate the current mass limits for the $V_1$ leptoquark using the limits on the cross sections found in the ATLAS Collaboration search [ref] for the pair production of scalar leptoquarks.
Search for pairs of scalar leptoquarks decaying into quarks and electrons or muons in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector · Current mass bounds · 0.96
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For the extrapolations of the limits on cross sections for pair production we use the search performed by the ATLAS Collaboration in Ref. [ref] at 13TeV with $ℒ=139$, see also Refs. [ref] for earlier searches.
Search for pair production of first and second generation leptoquarks in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV · Sensitivity projections for future colliders · 0.95
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For the extrapolations of the limits on cross sections for pair production we use the search performed by the ATLAS Collaboration in Ref. [ref] at 13TeV with $ℒ=139$, see also Refs. [ref] for earlier searches.
Search for pair production of second-generation leptoquarks at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV · Sensitivity projections for future colliders · 0.95
Compares with 4 papers
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We find good agreement with the similar extrapolations for the case of single-production in Ref. [ref] .[Up to date analysis of the future sensitivity for the pair production of scalar leptoquarks were recently presented in Ref. [ref] .]
The Case for Future Hadron Colliders From $B \to K^{(*)} \mu^+ \mu^-$ Decays · Sensitivity projections for future colliders · 1.00
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We find good agreement with the similar extrapolations for the case of single-production in Ref. [ref] .[Up to date analysis of the future sensitivity for the pair production of scalar leptoquarks were recently presented in Ref. [ref] .]
Sensitivity of Future Hadron Colliders to Leptoquark Pair Production in the Di-Muon Di-Jets Channel · Sensitivity projections for future colliders · 1.00
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We find similar cross sections for $V_1$ and the scalar leptoquark $S_3$ in pair production while in single production the scalar ones are a few times lower [ref] .
Flavorful leptoquarks at hadron colliders · Conclusions · 0.98
Cites as support 2 papers
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The reason why this simplified framework is sensible is two-fold: There is presently no necessity to consider couplings to electrons, and flavor symmetries explaining neutrino masses and mixing result in leptoquark couplings to a single lepton species [ref] .
Clues for flavor from rare lepton and quark decays · Conclusions · 0.99
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However, choosing muons over electrons as the main contributors to ([ref]) is consistent with the global $b →s$ fits[It is possible that both muon- and electron channels are affected by contributions of opposite sign [ref] .], which also suggest NP in $b →s μμ$ angular distributions.
Left-Right SU(4) Vector Leptoquark Model for Flavor Anomalies · Introduction · 0.98
Cites as background 25 papers
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For a selection of references studying the $V_1$ leptoquark in the context of the $b→s ℓℓ$ transitions we refer the reader to Refs. [ref] .
Model independent constraints on leptoquarks from b -> s l+ l- processes · The vector leptoquarks V1 and V3 · 0.96
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For a selection of references studying the $V_1$ leptoquark in the context of the $b→s ℓℓ$ transitions we refer the reader to Refs. [ref] .
Anomalies in $B$-decays and $U(2)$ flavour symmetry · The vector leptoquarks V1 and V3 · 0.96
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For a selection of references studying the $V_1$ leptoquark in the context of the $b→s ℓℓ$ transitions we refer the reader to Refs. [ref] .
Leptoquark Flavor Patterns & B Decay Anomalies · The vector leptoquarks V1 and V3 · 0.96
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