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Precision Calculation of Dark Radiation from Spinning Primordial Black Holes and Early Matter Dominated Eras

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arxiv 2104.04051 v1 pith:HVVHD3VD submitted 2021-04-08 astro-ph.CO astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-ph

classification astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-ph
keywords pbhsdarkearlyexperimentsprecisionradiationstageblack
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We present precision calculations of dark radiation in the form of gravitons coming from Hawking evaporation of spinning primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early Universe. Our calculation incorporates a careful treatment of extended spin distributions of a population of PBHs, the PBH reheating temperature, and the number of relativistic degrees of freedom. We compare our precision results with those existing in the literature, and show constraints on PBHs from current bounds on dark radiation from BBN and the CMB, as well as the projected sensitivity of CMB Stage 4 experiments. As an application, we consider the case of PBHs formed during an early matter-dominated era (EMDE). We calculate graviton production from various PBH spin distributions pertinent to EMDEs, and find that PBHs in the entire mass range up to $10^9\,$g will be constrained by measurements from CMB Stage 4 experiments, assuming PBHs come to dominate the Universe prior to Hawking evaporation. We also find that for PBHs with monochromatic spins $a^*>0.81$, all PBH masses in the range $10^{-1}\,{\rm g} < M_{\rm BH} <10^9\,$g will be probed by CMB Stage 4 experiments.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Superhorizon curvature perturbations in hybrid inflation revisited

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Hybrid inflation's waterfall tachyonic instability grows isocurvature modes that convert to curvature perturbations at the field-space turn, yielding a k^{3}-peaked spectrum with always-positive f_NL that enhances PBH...

  2. String Axiverse Enhancement of Superradiant Dark Matter Production

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    O(100-10^5) string axions enhance PBH superradiance efficiency via increased spin, expanding viable mass-spin regions for micro-boson star dark matter while too many axions cause overly rapid evaporation.

  3. Setting up stasis with gravitational interactions

    hep-ph 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    PBH evaporation can fill a decaying particle tower with Ω_l ∝ m_l^{+1} or m_l^{-1}, and CGPP with α = 0, 1/2, or 2, matching the conditions needed for cosmological stasis.

  4. Probing Double-Peaked Gamma-Ray Spectra from Primordial Black Holes with Next-Generation Gamma-Ray Experiments

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A likelihood forecast shows e-ASTROGAM could, in parts of the f1-f2 plane, distinguish double-peaked from single-peaked PBH gamma-ray spectra in the 1e15 to 1e17 g mass window.

  5. Relativistic accretion and burdened primordial black holes

    astro-ph.CO 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Combining relativistic accretion with memory-burdened evaporation widens the parameter space for primordial black holes as dark matter and changes dark matter and dark radiation emission predictions.

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