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Disentangling the hard gluon Bremsstrahlung effects from the relative transverse activity classifier in pp collisions
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 11 May 2021
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim The effect is a consequence of a selection bias attributed to wide-angle gluon emissions which creates jets that populate the transverse region.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
Recently, the so-called relative transverse activity classifier, $R_{\rm T}$, has been proposed as a tool to disentangle the particle production originated from the soft and hard QCD processes in proton-proton (pp) collisions. $R_{\rm T}$ is a useful quantity to study particle production in events with exceptionally large or small activity in the transverse region with respect to the event-averaged mean. Contrary to the expectations, the preliminary results of the ALICE Collaboration indicate that, e.g., the proton-to-pion ratio does not exhibit the characteristic enhancement at intermediate $p_{\rm T}$ in events with large $R_{\rm T}$ with respect to minimum-bias pp collisions. In this work, we investigate the origin of this effect using the PYTHIA 8 and HERWIG 7 Monte Carlo event generators. The effect is a consequence of a selection bias attributed to wide-angle gluon emissions which creates jets that populate the transverse region. Therefore, we propose a modified version of $R_{\rm T}$ in order to suppress its sensitivity to hard gluon Bremsstrahlung, and enhance the sensitivity to soft Multiparton Interactions (MPI). This approach could be useful in order to study the particle production in the jet-like region as a function of MPI. The implementation of these ideas in data will provide more insight into the production mechanisms of hadrons in high-multiplicity pp collisions, and its connection with heavy-ion phenomena.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Recently, the so-called relative transverse activity classifier, $R_{\rm T}$, has been proposed as a tool to disentangle the particle production originated from the soft and hard QCD processes in proton-proton (pp) collisions. | background 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | asserted 0.99 |
| s1 | $R_{\rm T}$ is a useful quantity to study particle production in events with exceptionally large or small activity in the transverse region with respect to the event-averaged mean. | background 1.00 | 0.08 | 0.03 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | Contrary to the expectations, the preliminary results of the ALICE Collaboration indicate that, e.g., the proton-to-pion ratio does not exhibit the characteristic enhancement at intermediate $p_{\rm T}$ in events with large $R_{\rm T}$ with respect to minimum-bias pp collisions. | background 0.54 | 0.09 | 0.06 | hedged possibility 0.94 |
| s3 | In this work, we investigate the origin of this effect using the PYTHIA 8 and HERWIG 7 Monte Carlo event generators. | method 0.78 | 0.83 | 0.03 | asserted 0.86 |
| s4 | The effect is a consequence of a selection bias attributed to wide-angle gluon emissions which creates jets that populate the transverse region. | interpretation 0.82 | 0.71 | 0.60 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | Therefore, we propose a modified version of $R_{\rm T}$ in order to suppress its sensitivity to hard gluon Bremsstrahlung, and enhance the sensitivity to soft Multiparton Interactions (MPI). | contribution 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.47 | asserted 0.78 |
| s6 | This approach could be useful in order to study the particle production in the jet-like region as a function of MPI. | future work 0.70 | 0.15 | 0.09 | hedged possibility 1.00 |
| s7 | The implementation of these ideas in data will provide more insight into the production mechanisms of hadrons in high-multiplicity pp collisions, and its connection with heavy-ion phenomena. | future work 0.83 | 0.08 | 0.10 | hedged possibility 0.89 |
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The paper
Original abstract
Recently, the so-called relative transverse activity classifier, $R_{\rm T}$, has been proposed as a tool to disentangle the particle production originated from the soft and hard QCD processes in proton-proton (pp) collisions. $R_{\rm T}$ is a useful quantity to study particle production in events with exceptionally large or small activity in the transverse region with respect to the event-averaged mean. Contrary to the expectations, the preliminary results of the ALICE Collaboration indicate that, e.g., the proton-to-pion ratio does not exhibit the characteristic enhancement at intermediate $p_{\rm T}$ in events with large $R_{\rm T}$ with respect to minimum-bias pp collisions. In this work, we investigate the origin of this effect using the PYTHIA 8 and HERWIG 7 Monte Carlo event generators. The effect is a consequence of a selection bias attributed to wide-angle gluon emissions which creates jets that populate the transverse region. Therefore, we propose a modified version of $R_{\rm T}$ in order to suppress its sensitivity to hard gluon Bremsstrahlung, and enhance the sensitivity to soft Multiparton Interactions (MPI). This approach could be useful in order to study the particle production in the jet-like region as a function of MPI. The implementation of these ideas in data will provide more insight into the production mechanisms of hadrons in high-multiplicity pp collisions, and its connection with heavy-ion phenomena.
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References
How the literature uses it
11 arXiv papers cite this in 16 sentences
Papers citing it · 14 sentences without a confident label
Cites it as support 1 paper
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Given that PYTHIA 8 does not incorporate any jet quenching mechanism, the origin of the effect in high $⟨N_ch^T ⟩$ collisions is related to a remaining bias towards harder fragmentation and more activity from initial and final state radiation [ref] .
Study of charged particle production at high $p_{\rm T}$ using event topology in pp, p$-$Pb and Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV · Results and discussion · 0.97
Cites it as background 1 paper
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The trans-max and trans-min regions of UE refer to the sub-transverse regions with the largest and smallest charged-particle multiplicity which have an enhanced sensitivity to ISR-FSR and UE, respectively [ref] .
Probe of soft-QCD in minimum bias events of pp collisions with the ATLAS at the LHC · Study of the KNO scaling at the LHC experiments · 0.86
What it cites · 31 sentences without a confident label
Uses the method or tool of 3 papers
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For our analysis, we used 8.201 [ref] with the default Monash 2013 tune [ref] and 7.2 [ref] with its default tune SoftTune [ref] which will be simply labelled as 8 and 7 in the following.
Tuning PYTHIA 8.1: the Monash 2013 Tune · Monte Carlo generators and Underlying Event observables · 1.00
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For our analysis, we used 8.201 [ref] with the default Monash 2013 tune [ref] and 7.2 [ref] with its default tune SoftTune [ref] which will be simply labelled as 8 and 7 in the following.
Herwig 7.2 Release Note · Monte Carlo generators and Underlying Event observables · 1.00
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For our analysis, we used 8.201 [ref] with the default Monash 2013 tune [ref] and 7.2 [ref] with its default tune SoftTune [ref] which will be simply labelled as 8 and 7 in the following.
A Brief Introduction to PYTHIA 8.1 · Monte Carlo generators and Underlying Event observables · 1.00
Uses data or values from 1 paper
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For example, strangeness enhancement has been observed in pp collisions at $N_incl,ch / ⟨N_incl,ch⟩∼3$ [ref] .
Enhanced production of multi-strange hadrons in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions · Monte Carlo generators and Underlying Event observables · 0.81
Compares with 8 papers
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This suggests that the data do not follow neither the expected behaviour due to the sensitivity of to MPI [ref] nor the event activity dependence of particle ratios observed in pp [ref] , p–Pb [ref] and Pb–Pb [ref] data at the LHC energies.
Multiplicity dependence of light-flavor hadron production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV · Introduction · 0.83
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This suggests that the data do not follow neither the expected behaviour due to the sensitivity of to MPI [ref] nor the event activity dependence of particle ratios observed in pp [ref] , p–Pb [ref] and Pb–Pb [ref] data at the LHC energies.
Color reconnection and flow-like patterns in pp collisions · Introduction · 0.83
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This suggests that the data do not follow neither the expected behaviour due to the sensitivity of to MPI [ref] nor the event activity dependence of particle ratios observed in pp [ref] , p–Pb [ref] and Pb–Pb [ref] data at the LHC energies.
Centrality dependence of the nuclear modification factor of charged pions, kaons, and protons in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV · Introduction · 0.83
Cites as support 3 papers
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The bias is attributed to hard Bremsstrahlung gluons originated by initial- and final-state radiation [ref] .
Apparent modification of the jet-like yield in proton-proton collisions with large underlying event · Conclusions · 0.99
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Namely, it has been reported both in Monte Carlo [ref] and data [ref] that the baryon-to-meson ratio is smaller in the jet region than in the underlying-event region.
Production of strange particles in charged jets in p--Pb and Pb--Pb collisions measured with ALICE at the LHC · Conclusions · 0.97
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Namely, it has been reported both in Monte Carlo [ref] and data [ref] that the baryon-to-meson ratio is smaller in the jet region than in the underlying-event region.
Mid-rapidity charged hadron transverse spherocity in pp collisions simulated with Pythia · Conclusions · 0.97
Cites as background 8 papers
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In order to understand the physics behind high-multiplicity pp collisions from the Monte Carlo (MC) generators perspective [ref] , several studies have been reported [ref] .
Effects of Overlapping Strings in pp Collisions · Introduction · 0.96
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In order to understand the physics behind high-multiplicity pp collisions from the Monte Carlo (MC) generators perspective [ref] , several studies have been reported [ref] .
Collective Effects: the viewpoint of HEP MC codes · Introduction · 0.96
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In order to understand the physics behind high-multiplicity pp collisions from the Monte Carlo (MC) generators perspective [ref] , several studies have been reported [ref] .
Spacetime Colour Reconnection in Herwig 7 · Introduction · 0.96
Discussion
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