RECORD
Classical and quantum $f(R)$ cosmology: The big rip, the little rip and the little sibling of the big rip
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Submitted 22 Jun 2021
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim In this review, we discuss the classical and quantum occurrence of these riplike events in the scheme of metric $f(R)$ theories of gravity.
The compiled record
The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.
Open the compiled record
The abstract, sentence by sentence
The big rip, the little rip and the little sibling of the big rip are cosmological doomsdays predicted by some phantom dark energy models that could describe the future evolution of our Universe. When the universe evolves towards either of these future cosmic events all bounded structures and, ultimately, space-time itself are ripped apart. Nevertheless, it is commonly belief that quantum gravity effects may smooth or even avoid these classically predicted singularities. In this review, we discuss the classical and quantum occurrence of these riplike events in the scheme of metric $f(R)$ theories of gravity. The quantum analysis is performed in the framework of $f(R)$ quantum geometrodynamics. In this context, we analyse the fulfilment of the DeWitt criterion for the avoidance of these singular fates.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | The big rip, the little rip and the little sibling of the big rip are cosmological doomsdays predicted by some phantom dark energy models that could describe the future evolution of our Universe. | background 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.05 | hedged possibility 0.88 |
| s1 | When the universe evolves towards either of these future cosmic events all bounded structures and, ultimately, space-time itself are ripped apart. | background 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.04 | asserted 0.99 |
| s2 | Nevertheless, it is commonly belief that quantum gravity effects may smooth or even avoid these classically predicted singularities. | background 0.98 | 0.03 | 0.05 | hedged possibility 0.96 |
| s3 | In this review, we discuss the classical and quantum occurrence of these riplike events in the scheme of metric $f(R)$ theories of gravity. | contribution 1.00 | 0.71 | 0.07 | asserted 0.86 |
| s4 | The quantum analysis is performed in the framework of $f(R)$ quantum geometrodynamics. | method 0.99 | 0.76 | 0.04 | asserted 0.98 |
| s5 | In this context, we analyse the fulfilment of the DeWitt criterion for the avoidance of these singular fates. | method 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.06 | asserted 0.60 |
What was examined, and what was not
- arXiv listing abstract v2
- full text
- figures and tables
- references and citing sentences
- relations to other papers
- P abstract
- S sections
- T body sentences
- C citations
- R cross-paper relations
The paper
Original abstract
The big rip, the little rip and the little sibling of the big rip are cosmological doomsdays predicted by some phantom dark energy models that could describe the future evolution of our Universe. When the universe evolves towards either of these future cosmic events all bounded structures and, ultimately, space-time itself are ripped apart. Nevertheless, it is commonly belief that quantum gravity effects may smooth or even avoid these classically predicted singularities. In this review, we discuss the classical and quantum occurrence of these riplike events in the scheme of metric $f(R)$ theories of gravity. The quantum analysis is performed in the framework of $f(R)$ quantum geometrodynamics. In this context, we analyse the fulfilment of the DeWitt criterion for the avoidance of these singular fates.
Human review
How the literature uses it
2 arXiv papers cite this in 2 sentences
Papers citing it · 1 sentence without a confident label
Cites it as background 1 paper
-
The simplest theory that incorporates torsion is the Einstein-Cartan (EC) gravity [ref] .
The dark side of the torsion: Dark Energy from propagating torsion · Introduction · 1.00
What it cites · 133 sentences without a confident label
Builds on 2 papers
-
Additionally note that in this section, we have enhanced the discussion on the viability of the performed approximations for $Ψ$ originally presented in reference [ref] , where the authors have focused only on the particular case of $k̃=0$ when addressing the validity of the wave function there found.
$f(R)$ quantum cosmology: avoiding the Big Rip · Validity of the wave function used to describe the BR · 1.00
-
Additionally, to the conclusion presented in [ref] , we also compute the corresponding $H$ and $Ḣ$ variables in each case.
"Expansion" around the vacuum equation of state - sudden future singularities and asymptotic behavior · A Phantom Dark-Energy Universe · 0.90
Uses the method or tool of 1 paper
-
Hence, the solutions are [ref] [equation] being $u_1$ and $u_2$ integration constants, cf. 9.1.53 of [ref] .
The little rip in classical and quantum $f(R)$ cosmology · The LR in $f(R)$ Quantum Cosmology · 0.81
Uses data or values from 3 papers
-
[H] Best fit found in reference [ref] for the phantom DE models discussed in Section [ref], where $A$ is dimensionless for the case of the BR, and has units of inverse of meter and inverse of square meter for the LR and LSBR models, respectively.
Cosmological constraints of phantom dark energy models · Cosmological Constraints · 0.99
-
The present concentrations of matter and dark energy are roughly $Ω_M,0=0.315$ and $Ω_DE,0=0.685$, respectively, whereas the contribution of radiation to the total content of the universe is negligible at the present time [ref] .
Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters · A Phantom Dark-Energy Universe · 0.95
-
The present concentrations of matter and dark energy are roughly $Ω_M,0=0.315$ and $Ω_DE,0=0.685$, respectively, whereas the contribution of radiation to the total content of the universe is negligible at the present time [ref] .
Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters · A Phantom Dark-Energy Universe · 0.95
Compares with 3 papers
-
Thus, for the avoidance of the BR singularity, for instance, we found our approximations to the wave function of the universe to be legit only for very tiny values of the parameter $A$, indeed smaller even than those found in reference [ref] where a strong ansatz was imposed on the possible values of $w$.
Cosmological constraints of phantom dark energy models · Conclusions · 0.91
-
Please note that this behavior was also found in reference [ref] , where it was dubbed “grand rip” (see type $-$1 singularities in reference [ref] ).
Grand Rip and Grand Bang/Crunch cosmological singularities · A Phantom Dark-Energy Universe · 0.95
-
Please note that this behavior was also found in reference [ref] , where it was dubbed “grand rip” (see type $-$1 singularities in reference [ref] ).
Initial directional singularity in inflationary models · A Phantom Dark-Energy Universe · 0.95
Cites as support 3 papers
-
It should be noted, however, that even though these abrupt events take place at the infinite distant future, bounded structures are destroyed in a finite time [ref] .
The Little Rip · Introduction · 0.96
-
It should be noted, however, that even though these abrupt events take place at the infinite distant future, bounded structures are destroyed in a finite time [ref] .
The little sibling of the big rip singularity · Introduction · 0.96
-
More importantly, some of these models have been shown to be compatible with the current observational data, see, for instance, reference [ref] .
Cosmological constraints of phantom dark energy models · Conclusions · 0.98
Cites as background 61 papers
-
This LSBR was first introduced in reference [ref] .
The little sibling of the big rip singularity · Cosmological Constraints · 0.87
-
There are different proposals among the existing literature for the value of this constant, see, for instance, references [ref] .
The little rip in classical and quantum $f(R)$ cosmology · Modified Wheeler-DeWitt · 0.80
-
There are different proposals among the existing literature for the value of this constant, see, for instance, references [ref] .
$f(R)$ quantum cosmology: avoiding the Big Rip · Modified Wheeler-DeWitt · 0.80
Discussion
Know something about this paper? Leave a comment, or highlight any passage above to comment on it.