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Proca Q-balls and Q-shells

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arxiv 2107.10280 v2 pith:CSKAKG6Q submitted 2021-07-21 hep-th hep-ph

Julian Heeck , Arvind Rajaraman , Rebecca Riley , Christopher B. Verhaaren This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-thhep-ph
keywords procaq-shellsq-ballssolitonsbosonfeaturesgaugegauged
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Non-topological solitons such as Q-balls and Q-shells have been studied for scalar fields invariant under global and gauged U(1) symmetries. We generalize this framework to include a Proca mass for the gauge boson, which can arise either from spontaneous symmetry breaking or via the St\"uckelberg mechanism. A heavy (light) gauge boson leads to solitons reminiscent of the global (gauged) case, but for intermediate values these Proca solitons exhibit completely novel features such as disconnected regions of viable parameter space and Q-shells with unbounded radius. We provide numerical solutions and excellent analytic approximations for both Proca Q-balls and Q-shells. These allow us to not only demonstrate the novel features numerically, but also understand and predict their origin analytically.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Localized Electromagnetic Perturbations on Vector Solitons

    hep-ph 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Proca balls in a theory with gauge kinetic coupling support a localized spherically symmetric electromagnetic vibrational mode whose spectrum has a delocalization gap and a revival branch.

  2. Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons

    hep-th 2024-11 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

    A comprehensive review of non-topological solitons (Q-balls) and quasi-solitons (oscillons), their properties, dynamics, and roles in early-universe physics.

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