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Tuning Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions with Inertia
Soft Condensed Matter · Submitted 23 Aug 2021
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim Here, we demonstrate that driven systems can exhibit effective equilibrium-like states with increasing particle inertia, despite rigorously violating the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
In striking contrast to equilibrium systems, inertia can profoundly alter the structure of active systems. Here, we demonstrate that driven systems can exhibit effective equilibrium-like states with increasing particle inertia, despite rigorously violating the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Increasing inertia progressively eliminates motility-induced phase separation and restores equilibrium crystallization for active Brownian spheres. This effect appears to be general for a wide class of active systems, including those driven by deterministic time-dependent external fields, whose nonequilibrium patterns ultimately disappear with increasing inertia. The path to this effective equilibrium limit can be complex, with finite inertia sometimes acting to accentuate nonequilibrium transitions. The restoration of near equilibrium statistics can be understood through the conversion of active momentum sources to passive-like stresses. Unlike truly equilibrium systems, the effective temperature is now density dependent, the only remnant of the nonequilibrium dynamics. This density-dependent temperature can in principle introduce departures from equilibrium expectations, particularly in response to strong gradients. Our results provide additional insight into the effective temperature ansatz while revealing a mechanism to tune nonequilibrium phase transitions.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | In striking contrast to equilibrium systems, inertia can profoundly alter the structure of active systems. | background 0.97 | 0.09 | 0.08 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | Here, we demonstrate that driven systems can exhibit effective equilibrium-like states with increasing particle inertia, despite rigorously violating the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. | result 0.59 | 0.93 | 0.51 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | Increasing inertia progressively eliminates motility-induced phase separation and restores equilibrium crystallization for active Brownian spheres. | result 1.00 | 0.88 | 0.51 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | This effect appears to be general for a wide class of active systems, including those driven by deterministic time-dependent external fields, whose nonequilibrium patterns ultimately disappear with increasing inertia. | result 0.89 | 0.63 | 0.21 | hedged possibility 0.80 |
| s4 | The path to this effective equilibrium limit can be complex, with finite inertia sometimes acting to accentuate nonequilibrium transitions. | result 0.93 | 0.75 | 0.06 | hedged possibility 0.80 |
| s5 | The restoration of near equilibrium statistics can be understood through the conversion of active momentum sources to passive-like stresses. | interpretation 1.00 | 0.68 | 0.11 | asserted 0.83 |
| s6 | Unlike truly equilibrium systems, the effective temperature is now density dependent, the only remnant of the nonequilibrium dynamics. | interpretation 0.58 | 0.78 | 0.13 | asserted 1.00 |
| s7 | This density-dependent temperature can in principle introduce departures from equilibrium expectations, particularly in response to strong gradients. | interpretation 0.66 | 0.42 | 0.05 | hedged possibility 0.98 |
| s8 | Our results provide additional insight into the effective temperature ansatz while revealing a mechanism to tune nonequilibrium phase transitions. | interpretation 0.76 | 0.87 | 0.33 | asserted 0.93 |
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The paper
Original abstract
In striking contrast to equilibrium systems, inertia can profoundly alter the structure of active systems. Here, we demonstrate that driven systems can exhibit effective equilibrium-like states with increasing particle inertia, despite rigorously violating the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Increasing inertia progressively eliminates motility-induced phase separation and restores equilibrium crystallization for active Brownian spheres. This effect appears to be general for a wide class of active systems, including those driven by deterministic time-dependent external fields, whose nonequilibrium patterns ultimately disappear with increasing inertia. The path to this effective equilibrium limit can be complex, with finite inertia sometimes acting to accentuate nonequilibrium transitions. The restoration of near equilibrium statistics can be understood through the conversion of active momentum sources to passive-like stresses. Unlike truly equilibrium systems, the effective temperature is now density dependent, the only remnant of the nonequilibrium dynamics. This density-dependent temperature can in principle introduce departures from equilibrium expectations, particularly in response to strong gradients. Our results provide additional insight into the effective temperature ansatz while revealing a mechanism to tune nonequilibrium phase transitions.
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How the literature uses it
5 arXiv papers cite this in 7 sentences
Papers citing it · 5 sentences without a confident label
Cites it as background 1 paper
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These various experimental realizations have also triggered an increasing number of theoretical work [ref] considering dry active particles with inertia, see [ref] for a recent review.
Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model for self-propelled particles with inertia · Introduction · 1.00
What it cites · 1 sentence without a confident label
Cites as background 1 paper
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Many-Body Phase Behavior.– While the impact of inertia on active dynamics has been recently investigated [ref] , a generalized understanding of its impact on active phase behavior has remained elusive.
Inertia drives a flocking phase transition in viscous active fluids · Introduction · 0.91
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