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Cosmic Evolution of Lepton Flavor Charges
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 9 Sep 2021
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We demonstrate that in order to describe the physics in a basis-independent manner and to include lepton flavor effect consistently it is necessary to describe both left-handed and right-handed lepton charges in terms of density matrices.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
In the early Universe above the weak scale, both baryon $B$ and lepton $L$ numbers are violated by nonperturabive effects in the Standard Model while $B-L$ remains conserved. Introducing new physics which violates perturbatively $L$ and/or $B$, one can generate dynamically a nonzero $B-L$ charge and hence a nonzero $B$ charge. In this work, we focus on the former scenario which is also known as leptogenesis. We show how to describe the evolutions of lepton flavor charges taking into account the complete Standard Model lepton flavor and spectator effects in a unified and lepton flavor basis-independent way. The recipe we develop can be applied to any leptogenesis model with arbitrary number of new scalars carrying nonzero hypercharges and is valid for cosmic temperature ranging from $10^{15}$ GeV down to the weak scale. We demonstrate that in order to describe the physics in a basis-independent manner and to include lepton flavor effect consistently it is necessary to describe both left-handed and right-handed lepton charges in terms of density matrices. This is a crucial point since physics should be basis independent. As examples, we apply the formalism to type-I and type-II leptogenesis models where in the latter case, a flavor-covariant formalism is indispensable.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | In the early Universe above the weak scale, both baryon $B$ and lepton $L$ numbers are violated by nonperturabive effects in the Standard Model while $B-L$ remains conserved. | background 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.04 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | Introducing new physics which violates perturbatively $L$ and/or $B$, one can generate dynamically a nonzero $B-L$ charge and hence a nonzero $B$ charge. | background 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.08 | hedged possibility 0.75 |
| s2 | In this work, we focus on the former scenario which is also known as leptogenesis. | background 0.49 | 0.15 | 0.04 | asserted 0.96 |
| s3 | We show how to describe the evolutions of lepton flavor charges taking into account the complete Standard Model lepton flavor and spectator effects in a unified and lepton flavor basis-independent way. | contribution 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.24 | asserted 0.99 |
| s4 | The recipe we develop can be applied to any leptogenesis model with arbitrary number of new scalars carrying nonzero hypercharges and is valid for cosmic temperature ranging from $10^{15}$ GeV down to the weak scale. | contribution 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.12 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | We demonstrate that in order to describe the physics in a basis-independent manner and to include lepton flavor effect consistently it is necessary to describe both left-handed and right-handed lepton charges in terms of density matrices. | method 0.61 | 0.83 | 0.30 | asserted 1.00 |
| s6 | This is a crucial point since physics should be basis independent. | interpretation 0.96 | 0.12 | 0.08 | asserted 0.99 |
| s7 | As examples, we apply the formalism to type-I and type-II leptogenesis models where in the latter case, a flavor-covariant formalism is indispensable. | contribution 0.77 | 0.90 | 0.09 | asserted 1.00 |
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The paper
Original abstract
In the early Universe above the weak scale, both baryon $B$ and lepton $L$ numbers are violated by nonperturabive effects in the Standard Model while $B-L$ remains conserved. Introducing new physics which violates perturbatively $L$ and/or $B$, one can generate dynamically a nonzero $B-L$ charge and hence a nonzero $B$ charge. In this work, we focus on the former scenario which is also known as leptogenesis. We show how to describe the evolutions of lepton flavor charges taking into account the complete Standard Model lepton flavor and spectator effects in a unified and lepton flavor basis-independent way. The recipe we develop can be applied to any leptogenesis model with arbitrary number of new scalars carrying nonzero hypercharges and is valid for cosmic temperature ranging from $10^{15}$ GeV down to the weak scale. We demonstrate that in order to describe the physics in a basis-independent manner and to include lepton flavor effect consistently it is necessary to describe both left-handed and right-handed lepton charges in terms of density matrices. This is a crucial point since physics should be basis independent. As examples, we apply the formalism to type-I and type-II leptogenesis models where in the latter case, a flavor-covariant formalism is indispensable.
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References
How the literature uses it
5 arXiv papers cite this in 15 sentences
Papers citing it · 7 sentences without a confident label
Uses its method or tool 3 papers
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Aiming to determine the production of baryon asymmetry from leptogenesis as precise as possible, we will utilize the lepton-flavor-covariant formalism developed in Ref. [ref] which includes both lepton flavor effects [ref] and spectator effects [ref] .
Leptogenesis in SO(10) with Minimal Yukawa sector · Leptogenesis · 1.00
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Then, a more precise value is numerically determined using flavor-covariant formalism [ref] assuming zero initial $N_i$ abundance.
Towards Precision Neutrino Fits in GUTs: Relevance of One-Loop Finite Corrections · Numerical Analysis · 1.00
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[ref] where we will need to describe the asymmetries in both $ℓ$ and $E$ through the $3×3$ matrices of asymmetry in number density in flavour space $(Y_Δℓ)_αβ$ and $(Y_ΔE)_αβ$.
Electroweak Triplet Scalar Contribution to $SO(10)$ Leptogenesis · Boltzmann equations · 1.00
Uses its data or values 1 paper
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where we use the transition temperatures $T_x$ given in Ref. [ref] .
Leptogenesis in SO(10) with Minimal Yukawa sector · Leptogenesis · 1.00
Compares with it 1 paper
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[ref] from solving the Boltzmann equations for lepton charges, which are collected in Appendix [ref].
Cosmic Evolution of the Standard Model Flavor Charges · Application to Leptogenesis · 1.00
Cites it as background 1 paper
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[See also Refs. [ref] for related earlier work as well as Refs. [ref] for some related discussions in the more recent literature.]
Wash-in leptogenesis after axion inflation · Introduction · 0.93
What it cites · 41 sentences without a confident label
Contests 1 paper
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[ref] , asymmetry in $E$ is not taken in account, and as a result, one cannot obtain a fully basis-independent result.
Leptogenesis with heavy neutrino flavours: from density matrix to Boltzmann equations · Introduction · contest 0.75
Uses data or values from 5 papers
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With the SM degrees of freedom and assuming that the EW sphaleron interaction freezes out at 132 GeV after the EW symmetry breaking at 160 GeV [ref] , we obtain
The Sphaleron Rate in the Minimal Standard Model · Effective symmetries and charges · 0.97
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[ref] to be $γ_E≈5×10^-3T^4/6$ where thermal corrections and scatterings involving gauge fields and quark fields are taken into account.
Scattering Rates For Leptogenesis: Damping of Lepton Flavour Coherence and Production of Singlet Neutrinos · Lepton flavor effect · 1.00
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[ref] to be $γ_E≈5×10^-3T^4/6$ where thermal corrections and scatterings involving gauge fields and quark fields are taken into account.
Protecting the Primordial Baryon Asymmetry From Erasure by Sphalerons · Lepton flavor effect · 1.00
Compares with 5 papers
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[ref] , asymmetry in singlet $E$ is considered while other spectator effects [ref] pertaining to quark Yukawa and SM sphaleron interactions are not considered.
Flavoured Leptogenesis in the CTP Formalism · Introduction · 0.83
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[ref] , asymmetry in singlet $E$ is considered while other spectator effects [ref] pertaining to quark Yukawa and SM sphaleron interactions are not considered.
Scattering Rates For Leptogenesis: Damping of Lepton Flavour Coherence and Production of Singlet Neutrinos · Introduction · 0.83
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[ref] , asymmetry in singlet $E$ is considered while other spectator effects [ref] pertaining to quark Yukawa and SM sphaleron interactions are not considered.
Spectator processes and baryogenesis · Introduction · 0.83
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