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Radio antenna design for sky-averaged 21 cm cosmology experiments: the REACH case

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arxiv 2109.10098 v2 pith:6NCHYVGU submitted 2021-09-21 astro-ph.IM astro-ph.CO

Radio antenna design for sky-averaged 21 cm cosmology experiments: the REACH case

J. Cumner , E. De Lera Acedo , D. I. L. de Villiers , D. Anstey , C. I. Kolitsidas , B. Gurdon , N. Fagnoni , P. Alexander
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G. Bernardi H. T. J. Bevins S. Carey J. Cavillot R. Chiello C. Craeye W. Croukamp J. A. Ely A. Fialkov T. Gessey-Jones Q. Gueuning W. Handley R. Hills A. T. Josaitis G. Kulkarni A. Magro R. Maiolino P. D. Meerburg S. Mittal J. R. Pritchard E. Puchwein N. Razavi-Ghods I. L. V. Roque A. Saxena K. H. Scheutwinkel E. Shen P. H. Sims O. Smirnov M. Spinelli K. Zarb-Adami
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Following the reported detection of an absorption profile associated with the 21~cm sky-averaged signal from the Cosmic Dawn by the EDGES experiment in 2018, a number of experiments have been set up to verify this result. This paper discusses the design process used for global 21~cm experiments, focusing specifically on the Radio Experiment for the Analysis of Cosmic Hydrogen (REACH). This experiment will seek to understand and compensate for systematic errors present using detailed modelling and characterization of the instrumentation. There is detailed the quantitative figures of merit and numerical modelling used to assist the design process of the REACH dipole antenna (one of the 2 antenna designs for REACH Phase I). This design process produced a 2.5:1 frequency bandwidth dipole. The aim of this design was to balance spectral smoothness and low impedance reflections with the ability to describe and understand the antenna response to the sky signal to inform the critically important calibration during observation and data analysis.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Systematic Spectral Distortion from Digital Whitening in Radio Telescopes and Implications for 21 cm Cosmology

    astro-ph.IM 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Digital spectrum whitening followed by re-quantization introduces a previously unrecognized systematic distortion in the gain-versus-frequency response of radio telescopes, reaching levels problematic for 21 cm cosmology.

  2. Impact of numerical stability in Bayesian noise wave calibration on global 21-cm experiments

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Near-collinearity of noise-source and load design-matrix columns makes REACH’s five-parameter Bayesian calibration non-reproducible; a four-parameter Chebyshev fit with hot-load T_NS(ν) recovery and spike masking stab...

  3. Systematic Spectral Distortion from Digital Whitening in Radio Telescopes and Implications for 21 cm Cosmology

    astro-ph.IM 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Digital whitening and re-quantization in radio telescopes introduce subtle systematic spectral distortions that affect 21 cm cosmology observations.

  4. The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics

    astro-ph.CO 2025-04 accept novelty 2.0

    The CosmoVerse White Paper compiles observational tensions in cosmology and maps strategies using improved systematics checks and tests of fundamental physics to resolve them.