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Cosmological Constraints on First-Order Phase Transitions

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arxiv 2109.14765 v1 pith:7DAMU32U submitted 2021-09-29 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

classification hep-phastro-ph.CO
keywords phasetransitionfirst-ordertemperaturearoundconstraintscosmologicalgravitational
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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First-order phase transitions exist in many models beyond the Standard Model and can generate detectable stochastic gravitational waves for a strong one. Using the cosmological observables in big bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background, we derive constraints on the phase transition temperature and strength parameter in a model-independent way. For a strong phase transition, we find that the phase transition temperature should be above around 2 MeV for both reheating photon and neutrino cases. For a weak one with the temperature below 1 MeV, the phase transition strength parameter is constrained to be smaller than around 0.1. Implications for using a first-order phase transition to explain the NANOGrav observed gravitational wave signal are also discussed.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Boiling After the Dust Settles: Constraining First-Order Phase Transitions During Dark Energy Domination

    hep-ph 2025-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    CMB anisotropies from stochastic bubble nucleation constrain late-time phase transitions to release less than ~1% of dark energy when β/H⋆≲25, much tighter than Hubble-budget limits.

  2. Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.

  3. Supercooled Phase Transitions: Why Thermal History of Hidden Sector Matters in Analysis of Pulsar Timing Array Signals

    hep-ph 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Tracking the evolving temperature ratio between hidden and visible sectors can change a supercooled hidden-sector phase transition's gravitational wave spectrum by up to four orders of magnitude, reviving it as an exp...

  4. The Sound of Dark Sectors in Pulsar Timing Arrays

    hep-ph 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A dark sector phase transition at the MeV scale, with a dark Higgs mass around 3 MeV, can reproduce the gravitational wave background seen by pulsar timing arrays.

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    In the soft-wall holographic composite Higgs model, the symmetry breaking transition is strongly first order with alpha up to 10^3 and beta/H between 10^5 and 5x10^6, producing gravitational waves peaked near the BBO/...

  6. Can a secluded self-interacting dark sector generate detectable gravitational waves?

    hep-ph 2025-02 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    In a secluded self-interacting dark sector with a dark U(1)' and dark radiation, existing Neff and Lyman-alpha limits remove nearly all gravitational-wave-detectable parameter space; one charge assignment keeps a smal...

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