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Scalar field couplings to quadratic curvature and decay into gravitons

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arxiv 2112.12774 v2 pith:2FP3EPNK submitted 2021-12-23 hep-ph hep-th

classification hep-phhep-th
keywords scalarfieldsigmacouplingscurvaturedecaygravitonparticles
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Any field, even if it lives in a completely hidden sector, interacts with the visible sector at least via the gravitational interaction. In this paper, we show that a scalar field in such a hidden sector generically couples to the quadratic curvature via dimension five operators, i.e., $\phi R^2$, $\phi R^{\mu\nu} R_{\mu\nu}$, $\phi R_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma} R^{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}$, $\phi R_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma} \tilde R^{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}$, because they can emerge if there exist particles heavier than it. We derive these scalar couplings to the quadratic curvature by integrating out heavy particles in a systematic manner. Such couplings are of phenomenological interest since some of them induce the scalar decay into the graviton pair. We point out that the decay of a scalar field can produce a substantial amount of the stochastic cosmic graviton background at high frequency since the suppression scale of these operators is given by the mass of heavy particles not by the Planck scale. The resultant graviton spectrum is computed in some concrete models.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

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