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Constraining high-redshift stellar-mass primordial black holes with next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave detectors
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abstract
The possible existence of primordial black holes in the stellar mass window has received considerable attention because their mergers may contribute to current and future gravitational-wave detections. Primordial black hole mergers, together with mergers of black holes originating from Population~III stars, are expected to dominate at high redshifts ($z\gtrsim 10$). However the primordial black hole merger rate density is expected to rise monotonically with redshift, while Population~III mergers can only occur after the birth of the first stars. Next-generation gravitational-wave detectors such as Cosmic Explorer~(CE) and Einstein Telescope~(ET) can access this distinctive feature in the merger rates as functions of redshift, allowing for a direct measurement of the abundance of the two populations, and hence for robust constraints on the abundance of primordial black holes. We simulate four-months worth of data observed by a CE-ET detector network and perform hierarchical Bayesian analysis to recover the merger rate densities. We find that if the Universe has no primordial black holes with masses of $\mathcal{O}(10M_{\odot})$, the projected upper limit on their abundance $f_{\rm PBH}$ as a fraction of dark matter energy density may be as low as $f_{\rm PBH}\sim \mathcal{O}({10^{-5}})$, about two orders of magnitude lower than current upper limits in this mass range. If instead $f_{\rm PBH}\gtrsim 10^{-4}$, future gravitational wave observations would exclude $f_{\rm PBH}=0$ at the 95\% credible interval.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Reconstruction of Primordial Power Spectrum from Gravitational Waves of High-Redshift Black Hole Binaries
Gradient-descent inversion of redshifted BBH mass distributions recovers the PBH mass function and, via regularized Press-Schechter, a candidate O(10^{-2}) bump in the small-scale primordial power spectrum.
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GW231123: A Possible Primordial Black Hole Origin
GW231123's masses and high spins are consistent with primordial black holes that accreted mass and angular momentum in the early universe within the standard PBH framework.
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Impact of facility timing and coordination for next-generation gravitational-wave detectors
Simulations of ET and CE networks show delays degrade localization metrics far more than SNR, with LIGO India greatly reducing the impact for multi-messenger and stochastic searches.
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Synergy between CSST and future gravitational-wave detectors: Probing primordial black holes by cross-correlating dark sirens with galaxies
Cross-correlating CSST galaxies with mock GW catalogs from ET2CE and BDET2CE networks can detect PBH merger fractions above ~40% and ~20% respectively via clustering bias differences.
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Not too close! Evaluating the impact of the baseline on the localization of binary black holes by next-generation gravitational-wave detectors
Baselines of 8-11 ms light travel time for two CE detectors provide a reasonable compromise for BBH sky localization, with third detectors eliminating multimodality for most or all events.
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January Food Benchmark (JFB): A Public Benchmark Dataset and Evaluation Suite for Multimodal Food Analysis
The abstract promises a food-image benchmark and a winning model, but the manuscript pages contain only a different paper on primordial black holes, leaving every benchmark claim unsubstantiated.
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Machine Learning for Multi-messenger Probes of New Physics and Cosmology: A Review and Perspective
A review summarizing machine learning methods for multi-messenger probes of dark matter and new physics, with a proposed plan for future integrated analyses.
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