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Towards the determination of the gluon helicity distribution in the nucleon from lattice quantum chromodynamics
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abstract
We present the first exploratory lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculation of the polarized gluon Ioffe-time pseudo-distribution in the nucleon. The Ioffe-time pseudo-distribution provides a frame-independent and gauge-invariant framework to determine the gluon helicity in the nucleon from first principles. We employ a high-statistics computation using a $32^3\times 64$ lattice ensemble characterized by a $358$ MeV pion mass and a $0.094$ fm lattice spacing. We establish the pseudo-distribution approach as a feasible method to address the proton spin puzzle with successive improvements in statistical and systematic uncertainties anticipated in the future. Within the statistical precision of our data, we find a good comparison between the lattice determined polarized gluon Ioffe-time distribution and the corresponding expectations from the state-of-the-art global analyses. We find a hint for a nonzero gluon spin contribution to the proton spin from the model-independent extraction of the gluon helicity pseudo-distribution over a range of Ioffe-time, $\nu\lesssim 9$.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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Reconstructing the full kinematic dependence of GPDs from pseudo-distributions
Lattice QCD pseudo-distributions at m_π=358 MeV are inverted via multidimensional Gaussian process regression to reconstruct the full kinematic dependence of GPDs H^{u-d} and E^{u-d} while directly extracting double d...
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Pionic gluons from global QCD analysis of experimental and lattice data
A global fit of pion parton distributions including lattice gluon data reduces uncertainties on the high-x gluon PDF and indicates a gluon enhancement in the pion over the proton.
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Mellin Moments of the Unpolarized Gluon PDF in the Proton from Nonlocal Operators in Lattice QCD
Lattice QCD extracts the ratio of the third to first Mellin moment of the gluon PDF at 2 GeV from nonlocal operators on an Nf=2+1+1 ensemble.
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Decoding the proton's gluonic density with lattice QCD-informed machine learning
A variational autoencoder inverse mapper extracts the proton's gluon PDF from lattice QCD pseudo-Ioffe-time distributions, yielding results consistent with global fits.
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Accessing gluon polarization with high-$P_T$ hadrons in SIDIS
High-P_T hadron production in polarized SIDIS is identified as a probe sensitive to the gluon helicity distribution Δg(x) that can discriminate between different solution behaviors at JLab and EIC kinematics.
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