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arxiv: 2211.10493 · v1 · pith:FARVCYHQ · submitted 2022-11-18 · astro-ph.EP · astro-ph.IM· astro-ph.SR

Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRISS

Adina D. Feinstein , Michael Radica , Luis Welbanks , Catriona Anne Murray , Kazumasa Ohno , Louis-Philippe Coulombe , N\'estor Espinoza , Jacob L. Bean
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Johanna K. Teske Bj\"orn Benneke Michael R. Line Zafar Rustamkulov Arianna Saba Angelos Tsiaras Joanna K. Barstow Jonathan J. Fortney Peter Gao Heather A. Knutson Ryan J. MacDonald Thomas Mikal-Evans Benjamin V. Rackham Jake Taylor Vivien Parmentier Natalie M. Batalha Zachory K. Berta-Thompson Aarynn L. Carter Quentin Changeat Leonardo A. Dos Santos Neale P. Gibson Jayesh M Goyal Laura Kreidberg Mercedes L\'opez-Morales Joshua D Lothringer Yamila Miguel Karan Molaverdikhani Sarah E. Moran Giuseppe Morello Sagnick Mukherjee David K. Sing Kevin B. Stevenson Hannah R. Wakeford Eva-Maria Ahrer Munazza K. Alam Lili Alderson Natalie H. Allen Natasha E. Batalha Taylor J. Bell Jasmina Blecic Jonathan Brande Claudio Caceres S. L. Casewell Katy L. Chubb Ian J.M. Crossfield Nicolas Crouzet Patricio E. Cubillos Leen Decin Jean-Michel D\'esert Joseph Harrington Kevin Heng Thomas Henning Nicolas Iro Eliza M.-R. Kempton Sarah Kendrew James Kirk Jessica Krick Pierre-Olivier Lagage Monika Lendl Luigi Mancini Megan Mansfield E. M. May N. J. Mayne Nikolay K. Nikolov Enric Palle Dominique J.M. Petit dit de la Roche Caroline Piaulet Diana Powell Seth Redfield Laura K. Rogers Michael T. Roman Pierre-Alexis Roy Matthew C. Nixon Everett Schlawin Xianyu Tan P. Tremblin Jake D. Turner Olivia Venot William C. Waalkes Peter J. Wheatley Xi Zhang
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classification astro-ph.EP astro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR
keywords atmosphericcoveragepropertiestransmissionwasp-39bwavelengthabsorptionclouds
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Transmission spectroscopy provides insight into the atmospheric properties and consequently the formation history, physics, and chemistry of transiting exoplanets. However, obtaining precise inferences of atmospheric properties from transmission spectra requires simultaneously measuring the strength and shape of multiple spectral absorption features from a wide range of chemical species. This has been challenging given the precision and wavelength coverage of previous observatories. Here, we present the transmission spectrum of the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b obtained using the SOSS mode of the NIRISS instrument on the JWST. This spectrum spans $0.6 - 2.8 \mu$m in wavelength and reveals multiple water absorption bands, the potassium resonance doublet, as well as signatures of clouds. The precision and broad wavelength coverage of NIRISS-SOSS allows us to break model degeneracies between cloud properties and the atmospheric composition of WASP-39b, favoring a heavy element enhancement ("metallicity") of $\sim 10 - 30 \times$ the solar value, a sub-solar carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio, and a solar-to-super-solar potassium-to-oxygen (K/O) ratio. The observations are best explained by wavelength-dependent, non-gray clouds with inhomogeneous coverage of the planet's terminator.

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