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Can large language models build causal graphs?

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arxiv 2303.05279 v2 pith:SEMLB52Z submitted 2023-03-07 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords causalgraphsllmsbeenlanguagelargemedicalmodels
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Building causal graphs can be a laborious process. To ensure all relevant causal pathways have been captured, researchers often have to discuss with clinicians and experts while also reviewing extensive relevant medical literature. By encoding common and medical knowledge, large language models (LLMs) represent an opportunity to ease this process by automatically scoring edges (i.e., connections between two variables) in potential graphs. LLMs however have been shown to be brittle to the choice of probing words, context, and prompts that the user employs. In this work, we evaluate if LLMs can be a useful tool in complementing causal graph development.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Unveiling Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models: Reality or Mirage?

    cs.AI 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    LLMs perform much worse on causal questions built from post-cutoff news articles, suggesting their apparent causal skill is mostly memorization, and a general-knowledge prompt method only partly closes the gap.

  2. Causal Graph based Event Reasoning using Semantic Relation Experts

    cs.AI 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A multi-agent LLM debate with four semantic-relation experts builds causal event graphs that improve explainable event likelihood prediction and match fine-tuned models on forecasting and next-event prediction.

  3. Causal MAS: A Survey of Large Language Model Architectures for Discovery and Effect Estimation

    cs.AI 2025-08 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A structured survey that defines and catalogs multi-agent LLM systems for causal reasoning, discovery, and effect estimation, including their architectures, benchmarks, and applications.

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