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There and back again: Solar cycle effects in future measurements of low-energy atmospheric neutrinos
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abstract
We study the impact of time-dependent solar cycles in the atmospheric neutrino rate at DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande (HK), focusing in particular on the flux below 1 GeV. Including the effect of neutrino oscillations for the upward-going component that travels through the Earth, we find that across the solar cycle the amplitude of time variation is about $\pm5\%$ at DUNE, and $\pm 1\%$ at HK. At DUNE, the ratio of up/down-going events ranges from 0.45 to 0.85, while at HK, it ranges from 0.75 to 1.5. Over the 11-year solar cycle, we find that the estimated statistical significance for observing time modulation of atmospheric neutrinos is $4.8\sigma$ for DUNE and $2.0\sigma$ for HK. Flux measurements at both DUNE and HK will be important for understanding systematics in the low-energy atmospheric flux as well as for understanding the effect of oscillations in low-energy atmospheric neutrinos.
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Cited by 1 Pith paper
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Measuring the Cosmic Ray Spectrum with Next Generation Neutrino Detectors
A sensitivity study showing Hyper-Kamiokande can use atmospheric neutrinos to reconstruct the primary cosmic ray spectrum, cutting its flux uncertainty from about 20% to 7% and sharpening neutrino oscillation measurements.
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