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Did we hear the sound of the Universe boiling? Analysis using the full fluid velocity profiles and NANOGrav 15-year data

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arxiv 2307.02259 v2 pith:HN6DDECZ submitted 2023-07-03 astro-ph.HE hep-ph

Did we hear the sound of the Universe boiling? Analysis using the full fluid velocity profiles and NANOGrav 15-year data

classification astro-ph.HE hep-ph
keywords fullpowervelocityarraybetterbrokendatagravitational
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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In this paper, we analyse sound waves arising from a cosmic phase transition where the full velocity profile is taken into account as an explanation for the gravitational wave spectrum observed by multiple pulsar timing array groups. Unlike the broken power law used in the literature, in this scenario the power law after the peak depends on the macroscopic properties of the phase transition, allowing for a better fit with pulsar timing array (PTA) data. We compare the best fit with that obtained using the usual broken power law and, unsurprisingly, find a better fit with the gravitational wave (GW) spectrum that utilizes the full velocity profile. We then discuss models that can produce the best-fit point and complementary probes using CMB experiments and searches for light particles in DUNE, IceCUBE-Gen2, neutrinoless double beta decay, and forward physics facilities at the LHC like FASER nu, etc.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

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  2. A critical look at low-scale cosmological phase transitions in the PTA era

    hep-ph 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 5.0

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  4. Constraints on the inflationary vacuum and reheating era from NANOGrav

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

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