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Constraining Postinflationary Axions with Pulsar Timing Arrays

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arxiv 2307.03121 v3 pith:QCKPJJWE submitted 2023-07-06 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

Constraining Postinflationary Axions with Pulsar Timing Arrays

classification hep-ph astro-ph.CO
keywords gravitationaldarklimitswavearraysaxionbackgroundcosmological
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Models that produce Axion-Like-Particles (ALP) after cosmological inflation due to spontaneous $U(1)$ symmetry breaking also produce cosmic string networks. Those axionic strings lose energy through gravitational wave emission during the whole cosmological history, generating a stochastic background of gravitational waves that spans many decades in frequency. We can therefore constrain the axion decay constant and axion mass from limits on the gravitational wave spectrum and compatibility with dark matter abundance as well as dark radiation. We derive such limits from analyzing the most recent NANOGrav data from Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTA). The limits are similar to the $N_{\rm eff}$ bounds on dark radiation for ALP masses $m_a \lesssim 10^{-22}$ eV. On the other hand, for heavy ALPs with $m_a\gtrsim 0.1$ GeV and $N_{\rm DW}\neq 1$, new regions of parameter space can be probed by PTA data due to the dominant Domain-Wall contribution to the gravitational wave background.

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