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Fast and converged classical simulations of evidence for the utility of quantum computing before fault tolerance

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arxiv 2308.05077 v3 pith:JNA7ZVRT submitted 2023-08-09 quant-ph

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keywords classicalconvergedobservablesquantumaccuracyexperimentalimplementednetwork
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A recent quantum simulation of observables of the kicked Ising model on 127 qubits implemented circuits that exceed the capabilities of exact classical simulation. We show that several approximate classical methods, based on sparse Pauli dynamics and tensor network algorithms, can simulate these observables orders of magnitude faster than the quantum experiment, and can also be systematically converged beyond the experimental accuracy. Our most accurate technique combines a mixed Schr\"{o}dinger and Heisenberg tensor network representation with the Bethe free entropy relation of belief propagation to compute expectation values with an effective wavefunction-operator sandwich bond dimension >16,000,000, achieving an absolute accuracy, without extrapolation, in the observables of <0.01, which is converged for many practical purposes. We thereby identify inaccuracies in the experimental extrapolations and suggest how future experiments can be implemented to increase the classical hardness.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Efficient classical simulation of large-scale unitary cluster Jastrow circuits

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A one-layer UCJ quantum chemistry circuit can have its energy computed classically in O(N^7) time, so single-layer UCJ circuits cannot provide quantum advantage for energy estimation.

  2. A hardware-efficient variational ansatz with an exact diagonal metric for real- and imaginary-time evolution and Haar sampling

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A hardware-efficient binary-tree ansatz has a closed-form diagonal Fubini–Study metric, enabling metric-aware VQE and time evolution without auxiliary circuits, with linear-in-k pruning for sparse sectors.

  3. Simulating dynamics of the two-dimensional transverse-field Ising model: a comparative study of large-scale classical numerics

    quant-ph 2025-11 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    Classical simulations of the 2D transverse-field Ising model are reliable for quasi-adiabatic annealing across methods, but near-critical post-quench dynamics defeats MPS, TTN, 2DTN-BP, and NQS beyond tJ≈2.

  4. Benchmarking Zero-Setup Quantum Circuit Simulators

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.5 of 10

    GPU-accelerated zero-setup simulators show sub-quadratic MPS bond-dimension scaling and up to 1,400× PPS speedups, uniquely reaching fine truncation accuracy on the 127-qubit kicked Ising circuit.

  5. Limits of Clifford Disentangling in Tensor Network States

    quant-ph 2026-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Clifford disentangling of tensor-network states works only up to a linear number of T gates; beyond that, magic accumulation defeats it, and a no-go theorem blocks universal single-qubit disentangling.

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