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Black-hole mergers in disklike environments could explain the observed $q$-$\chi_\mathrm{eff}$ correlation
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abstract
Current gravitational-wave data from stellar-mass black-hole binary mergers suggest a correlation between the binary mass ratio $q$ and the effective spin $\chi_\mathrm{eff}$: more unequal-mass binaries consistently show larger and positive values of the effective spin. Multiple generations of black-hole mergers in dense astrophysical environments may provide a way to form unequal-mass systems, but they cannot explain the observed correlation on their own. We show that the symmetry of the astrophysical environment is a crucial feature to shed light on this otherwise puzzling piece of observational evidence. We present a toy model that reproduces, at least qualitatively, the observed correlation. The model relies on axisymmetric, disk-like environments where binaries participating in hierarchical mergers share a preferential direction. Migration traps in AGN disks are a prime candidate for this setup, hinting at the exciting possibility of constraining their occurrence with gravitational-wave data.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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A Four-dimensional Model-agnostic Probe into the Astrophysical Origins of Binary Black Hole Subpopulations
A GPU-accelerated binned Gaussian process yields the first model-agnostic 4D BBH population in (m1, q, χeff, χp), revealing four mass-based subpopulations and new spin-mass-ratio correlations.
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Dissecting environmental effects with eccentric gravitational wave sources
Resonances between oscillating environmental forces and the epicyclic motion of eccentric binaries can dominate gravitational wave dephasing over orbit-averaged drag for eccentricities above about 0.05.
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Nowhere left to hide: revealing realistic gravitational-wave populations in high dimensions and high resolution with PixelPop
Modeling all significant correlations with the nonparametric model PixelPop recovers the true black-hole merger rate in a simulated 400-event gravitational-wave catalog, while simpler models introduce bias.
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Using gravitational waves and multi-messenger Astronomy to reverse-engineer the properties of galactic nuclei
The paper proposes that AGN-driven binary black hole merger rates, masses and spins can be used to infer the properties of AGN accretion disks and nuclear star clusters across cosmic time.
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