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Enhancement of gravitational waves at Q-ball decay including non-linear density perturbations

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arxiv 2308.13134 v2 pith:ITQMZKS7 submitted 2023-08-25 astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-ph

classification astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph
keywords gravitationalperturbationsdecaydensityincludingnon-linearq-ballrecent
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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The existence of a stochastic gravitational wave background is indicated by the recent pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments. We study the enhanced production of second-order gravitational waves from the scalar perturbations when the universe experiences a transition from the early matter-dominated era to the radiation-dominated era due to Q-ball decay. We extend the analysis in previous work by including the frequency range where density perturbations go non-linear and find that the resultant gravitational wave spectrum can be consistent with that favored by the recent PTA experiment results.

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    The rapid decay of an oscillon-dominated post-inflation phase produces induced gravitational waves strong enough that the BBN/CMB bound on relativistic species excludes significant regions of inflaton mass–coupling pa...

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