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Searches for neutrinos in the direction of radio-bright blazars with the ANTARES telescope

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arxiv 2309.06874 v1 pith:5I4KSRJM submitted 2023-09-13 astro-ph.HE

Searches for neutrinos in the direction of radio-bright blazars with the ANTARES telescope

ANTARES Collaboration: A. Albert , S. Alves , M. Andr\'e , M. Ardid , S. Ardid , J.J. Aubert , J Aublin , B. Baret
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S. Basa Y. Becherini B. Belhorma M. Bendahman F. Benfenati V. Bertin S. Biagi M. Bissinger J. Boumaaza M. Bouta M.C. Bouwhuis H. Br\^anza\c{s} R. Bruijn J. Brunner J. Busto B. Caiffi D. Calvo S. Campion A. Capone L. Caramete F. Carenini J. Carr V. Carretero S. Celli L. Cerisy M. Chabab R. Cherkaoui El Moursli T. Chiarusi M. Circella J.A.B. Coelho A. Coleiro R. Coniglione P. Coyle A. Creusot A.S.M. Cruz A. F. D\'iaz B. De Martino C. Distefano I. Di Palma A. Domi C. Donzaud D. Dornic D. Drouhin T. Eberl T. van Eeden D. van Eijk S. El Hedri N. El Khayati A. Enzenh\"ofer P. Fermani G. Ferrara F. Filippini L. Fusco S. Gagliardini J. Garc\'ia C. Gatius Oliver P. Gay N. Gei{\ss}elbrecht H. Glotin R. Gozzini R. Gracia Ruiz K. Graf C. Guidi L. Haegel S. Hallmann H. van Haren A.J. Heijboer Y. Hello J.J. Hern\'andez-Rey J. H\"o{\ss}l J. Hofest\"adt F. Huang G. Illuminati C. W. James B. Jisse-Jung M. de Jong P. de Jong M. Kadler O. Kalekin U. Katz A. Kouchner Y.A Kovalev Y.Y Kovalev I. Kreykenbohm V. Kulikovskiy R. Lahmann M. Lamoureux A. Lazo D. Lef\`evre E. Leonora G. Levi S. Le Stum D. Lopez-Coto S. Loucatos L. Maderer J. Manczak M. Marcelin A. Margiotta A. Marinelli J.A. Mart\'inez-Mora P. Migliozzi A. Moussa R. Muller S. Navas E. Nezri B. \'O Fearraigh E. Oukacha A. P\u{a}un G.E. P\u{a}v\u{a}la\c{s} S. Pe\~na-Mart\'inez M. Perrin-Terrin V. Pestel P. Piattelli A. Plavin C. Poir\`e V. Popa T. Pradier A. Pushkarev N. Randazzo D. Real S. Reck G. Riccobene A. Romanov A. S\'anchez-Losa A. Saina F. Salesa Greus D. F. E. Samtleben M. Sanguineti P. Sapienza J. Schnabel J. Schumann F. Sch\"ussler J. Seneca M. Spurio Th. Stolarczyk M. Taiuti Y. Tayalati S.J. Tingay S. Troitsky B. Vallage G. Vannoye V. Van Elewyck S. Viola D. Vivolo J. Wilms S. Zavatarelli A. Zegarelli J.D. Zornoza J. Z\'u\~niga OVRO Collaboration: T. Hovatta S. Kiehlmann I. Liodakis V. Pavlidou A.C.S Readhead
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keywords neutrinoblazarsantaressigmacandidatesconventionradio-brightsearches
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Active galaxies, especially blazars, are among the most promising neutrino source candidates. To date, ANTARES searches for these objects considered GeV-TeV $\gamma$-ray bright blazars. Here, a statistically complete radio-bright blazar sample is used as the target for searches of origins of neutrinos collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope over 13 years of operation. The hypothesis of a neutrino-blazar directional correlation is tested by pair counting and by a complementary likelihood-based approach. The resulting post-trial $p$-value is $3.0\%$ ($2.2\sigma$ in the two-sided convention), possibly indicating a correlation. Additionally, a time-dependent analysis is performed to search for temporal clustering of neutrino candidates as a mean of detecting neutrino flares in blazars. None of the investigated sources alone reaches a significant flare detection level. However, the presence of 18 sources with a pre-trial significance above $3\sigma$ indicates a $p=1.4\%$ ($2.5\sigma$ in the two-sided convention) detection of a time-variable neutrino flux. An \textit{a posteriori} investigation reveals an intriguing temporal coincidence of neutrino, radio, and $\gamma$-ray flares of the J0242+1101 blazar at a $p=0.5\%$ ($2.9\sigma$ in the two-sided convention) level. Altogether, the results presented here suggest a possible connection of neutrino candidates detected by the ANTARES telescope with radio-bright blazars.

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