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"It's a Fair Game", or Is It? Examining How Users Navigate Disclosure Risks and Benefits When Using LLM-Based Conversational Agents

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arxiv 2309.11653 v2 pith:DSAWMOBV submitted 2023-09-20 cs.HC cs.AIcs.CR

classification cs.HCcs.AIcs.CR
keywords usersprivacyllm-basedrisksagentsconversationaldesigndisclosures
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The widespread use of Large Language Model (LLM)-based conversational agents (CAs), especially in high-stakes domains, raises many privacy concerns. Building ethical LLM-based CAs that respect user privacy requires an in-depth understanding of the privacy risks that concern users the most. However, existing research, primarily model-centered, does not provide insight into users' perspectives. To bridge this gap, we analyzed sensitive disclosures in real-world ChatGPT conversations and conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 LLM-based CA users. We found that users are constantly faced with trade-offs between privacy, utility, and convenience when using LLM-based CAs. However, users' erroneous mental models and the dark patterns in system design limited their awareness and comprehension of the privacy risks. Additionally, the human-like interactions encouraged more sensitive disclosures, which complicated users' ability to navigate the trade-offs. We discuss practical design guidelines and the needs for paradigm shifts to protect the privacy of LLM-based CA users.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Users' Mental Models of Generative AI Chatbot Ecosystems

    cs.HC 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Interview study finds four user mental models of how GenAI chatbot ecosystems process data, with third-party ecosystems (ChatGPT/Expedia) understood more simply and trusted more than first-party ecosystems (Gemini/Google).

  2. "Is it always watching? Is it always listening?" Exploring Contextual Privacy and Security Concerns Toward Domestic Social Robots

    cs.CY 2025-07 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

    Through 19 interviews, U.S. smart-home and chatbot users showed context-dependent privacy and security concerns about domestic social robots, expecting transparent indicators, granular controls, and context-appropriat...

  3. Evaluation and Benchmarking of LLM Agents: A Survey

    cs.LG 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A review that proposes a two-dimensional taxonomy for evaluating LLM agents and highlights enterprise-specific evaluation gaps.

  4. SoK: The Privacy Paradox of Large Language Models: Advancements, Privacy Risks, and Mitigation

    cs.CR 2025-06 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A systematization-of-knowledge survey that categorizes LLM privacy risks into training data, prompts, outputs, and agents, and reviews limitations of current mitigations.

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