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The Empty Signifier Problem: Towards Clearer Paradigms for Operationalising "Alignment" in Large Language Models

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arxiv 2310.02457 v2 pith:7VREPQN5 submitted 2023-10-03 cs.CL cs.CY

classification cs.CLcs.CY
keywords alignmentdimensionsempiricalemptyframeworklanguagelargellms
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In this paper, we address the concept of "alignment" in large language models (LLMs) through the lens of post-structuralist socio-political theory, specifically examining its parallels to empty signifiers. To establish a shared vocabulary around how abstract concepts of alignment are operationalised in empirical datasets, we propose a framework that demarcates: 1) which dimensions of model behaviour are considered important, then 2) how meanings and definitions are ascribed to these dimensions, and by whom. We situate existing empirical literature and provide guidance on deciding which paradigm to follow. Through this framework, we aim to foster a culture of transparency and critical evaluation, aiding the community in navigating the complexities of aligning LLMs with human populations.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Toward a Theory of Value in AI Alignment

    cs.AI 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A systematic annotation of 94 AI alignment papers shows the field largely equates human values with measurable preferences, rarely defines values, and is increasingly removing humans from alignment evaluation.

  2. Structural transparency of societal AI alignment through Institutional Logics

    cs.CY 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Introduces a five-component analytical framework, grounded in Institutional Logics, for making visible the organizational and institutional decisions that shape AI alignment.

  3. From Seed to Harvest: Augmenting Human Creativity with AI for Red-teaming Text-to-Image Models

    cs.LG 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Seed2Harvest expands 1,000 human adversarial prompts into 27,650 LLM-generated variants that keep roughly comparable unsafe-image trigger rates and add hundreds of new geographic contexts.

  4. Scopes of Alignment

    cs.CY 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Alignment should be defined by three scopes, competence, transience, and audience, rather than by generic context-free values.

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