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Linear Latent World Models in Simple Transformers: A Case Study on Othello-GPT

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arxiv 2310.07582 v2 pith:WUJATENZ submitted 2023-10-11 cs.LG cs.AI

classification cs.LGcs.AI
keywords worlddecision-makinglinearothello-gptmodelmodelsrepresentationsimple
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Foundation models exhibit significant capabilities in decision-making and logical deductions. Nonetheless, a continuing discourse persists regarding their genuine understanding of the world as opposed to mere stochastic mimicry. This paper meticulously examines a simple transformer trained for Othello, extending prior research to enhance comprehension of the emergent world model of Othello-GPT. The investigation reveals that Othello-GPT encapsulates a linear representation of opposing pieces, a factor that causally steers its decision-making process. This paper further elucidates the interplay between the linear world representation and causal decision-making, and their dependence on layer depth and model complexity. We have made the code public.

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  1. Linear Spatial World Models Emerge in Large Language Models

    cs.AI 2025-06 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Spatial relation words in LLaMA and Qwen models form antipodal, roughly orthogonal directions in a low-dimensional subspace, and steering along these directions changes the model's output.

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