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Simulating 2D lattice gauge theories on a qudit quantum computer
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Simulating 2D lattice gauge theories on a qudit quantum computer
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Particle physics underpins our understanding of the world at a fundamental level by describing the interplay of matter and forces through gauge theories. Yet, despite their unmatched success, the intrinsic quantum mechanical nature of gauge theories makes important problem classes notoriously difficult to address with classical computational techniques. A promising way to overcome these roadblocks is offered by quantum computers, which are based on the same laws that make the classical computations so difficult. Here, we present a quantum computation of the properties of the basic building block of two-dimensional lattice quantum electrodynamics, involving both gauge fields and matter. This computation is made possible by the use of a trapped-ion qudit quantum processor, where quantum information is encoded in $d$ different states per ion, rather than in two states as in qubits. Qudits are ideally suited for describing gauge fields, which are naturally high-dimensional, leading to a dramatic reduction in the quantum register size and circuit complexity. Using a variational quantum eigensolver, we find the ground state of the model and observe the interplay between virtual pair creation and quantized magnetic field effects. The qudit approach further allows us to seamlessly observe the effect of different gauge field truncations by controlling the qudit dimension. Our results open the door for hardware-efficient quantum simulations with qudits in near-term quantum devices.
Forward citations
Cited by 9 Pith papers
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Local Thermalization of SU(2) Lattice Gauge Fields on Quantum Computers
Quantum hardware simulation of SU(2) lattice gauge thermalization matches classical extrapolations up to 101 plaquettes after error mitigation, establishing feasibility for chaotic quantum field systems.
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Fault-Tolerant Resource Comparison of Qudit and Qubit Encodings for Diagonal Quadratic Operators
For diagonal quadratic evolutions, qubit encodings are asymptotically cheaper than qudit encodings in both Trotter and LCU settings, but small-dimension qudits can win under favorable synthesis or code-switching assumptions.
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Fault-Tolerant Resource Comparison of Qudit and Qubit Encodings for Diagonal Quadratic Operators
Qudit encodings for quadratic diagonal evolutions require exponentially stronger synthesis advantages than qubits to win asymptotically in product formulas but can yield constant-factor savings in LCU at low d.
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Local Thermalization of SU(2) Lattice Gauge Fields on Quantum Computers
Error-mitigated IBM quantum hardware reproduces extrapolated classical simulations of entanglement growth and local thermalization for a truncated SU(2) gauge theory on chains up to 101 plaquettes.
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A Framework for Quantum Simulations of Energy-Loss and Hadronization in Non-Abelian Gauge Theories: SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory in 1+1D
A quantum simulation framework is developed and demonstrated for energy loss and hadronization of a heavy quark in 1+1D SU(2) lattice gauge theory on 18 qubits of IBM hardware, with results matching classical simulations.
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Fault-Tolerant Resource Comparison of Qudit and Qubit Encodings for Diagonal Quadratic Operators
The paper derives explicit finite-d break-even synthesis costs for qudit vs. qubit encodings of diagonal quadratic operators in product-formula and LCU simulations, identifying low-d regions where qudits yield savings.
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Observation of Robust and Coherent Non-Abelian Hadron Dynamics on Noisy Quantum Processors
A 60-site SU(2) lattice gauge theory was run on 120 qubits, but the implemented dynamics approximate to non-interacting fermion hopping, and the abstract's claimed breathing-mode frequency is not extracted anywhere.
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Quantum Simulation of Gauge Theories for Particle and Nuclear Physics
The talk summarizes the quantum simulation program for lattice gauge theories, covering target problems in dense matter, algorithmic strategies, recent progress, and remaining challenges.
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Quantum simulation of out-of-equilibrium dynamics in gauge theories
The paper reviews advances in quantum simulation of out-of-equilibrium dynamics in gauge theories, covering particle production, string breaking, thermalization, and related phenomena.
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