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To Transformers and Beyond: Large Language Models for the Genome

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arxiv 2311.07621 v1 pith:HTOYVYG3 submitted 2023-11-13 q-bio.GN cs.LG

classification q-bio.GNcs.LG
keywords genomicgenomicsllmsarchitecturebeyondbiologistscomputationaldata
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In the rapidly evolving landscape of genomics, deep learning has emerged as a useful tool for tackling complex computational challenges. This review focuses on the transformative role of Large Language Models (LLMs), which are mostly based on the transformer architecture, in genomics. Building on the foundation of traditional convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks, we explore both the strengths and limitations of transformers and other LLMs for genomics. Additionally, we contemplate the future of genomic modeling beyond the transformer architecture based on current trends in research. The paper aims to serve as a guide for computational biologists and computer scientists interested in LLMs for genomic data. We hope the paper can also serve as an educational introduction and discussion for biologists to a fundamental shift in how we will be analyzing genomic data in the future.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Deep and Probabilistic Models for Gene Regulatory Network Inference

    stat.ML 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A dual-stage GRN inference framework combining a sequence-based transformer prior (GLM-Prior) with a probabilistic matrix-factorization model (PMF-GRN) for uncertainty-aware network reconstruction.

  2. Hyperbolic Genome Embeddings

    cs.LG 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Hyperbolic CNNs outperform Euclidean CNNs on 37 of 42 genome classification benchmarks and beat several large DNA language models on 7 GUE tasks using orders of magnitude fewer parameters.

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