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Exploring the Naturalness of AI-Generated Images

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arxiv 2312.05476 v3 pith:VL2X7ARL submitted 2023-12-09 cs.CV

Zijian Chen , Wei Sun , Haoning Wu , Zicheng Zhang , Jun Jia , Zhongpeng Ji , Fengyu Sun , Shangling Jui
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Xiongkuo Min Guangtao Zhai Wenjun Zhang
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classification cs.CV
keywords naturalnessimagesai-generateddistortionsjointrationalitytechnicalhuman
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The proliferation of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Images (AGIs) has greatly expanded the Image Naturalness Assessment (INA) problem. Different from early definitions that mainly focus on tone-mapped images with limited distortions (e.g., exposure, contrast, and color reproduction), INA on AI-generated images is especially challenging as it has more diverse contents and could be affected by factors from multiple perspectives, including low-level technical distortions and high-level rationality distortions. In this paper, we take the first step to benchmark and assess the visual naturalness of AI-generated images. First, we construct the AI-Generated Image Naturalness (AGIN) database by conducting a large-scale subjective study to collect human opinions on the overall naturalness as well as perceptions from technical and rationality perspectives. AGIN verifies that naturalness is universally and disparately affected by technical and rationality distortions. Second, we propose the Joint Objective Image Naturalness evaluaTor (JOINT), to automatically predict the naturalness of AGIs that aligns human ratings. Specifically, JOINT imitates human reasoning in naturalness evaluation by jointly learning both technical and rationality features. We demonstrate that JOINT significantly outperforms baselines for providing more subjectively consistent results on naturalness assessment.

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