Optical properties and electronic correlations in La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ bilayer nickelates under high pressure

We explore the optical properties of La3Ni2O7 bilayer nickelates by using density functional theory including a Coulomb repulsion term. Convincing agreement with recent experimental ambient-pressure spectra is achieved for U=3eV, which permits tracing the microscopic origin of the characteristic features. Simultaneous consistency with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction suggests the notion of rather moderate electronic correlations in this novel high-Tc superconductor. Oxygen vacancies form predominantly at the inner apical sites and renormalize the optical spectrum quantitatively, while the released electrons are largely accommodated by a defect state. We show that the structural transition occurring under high pressure coincides with a significant enhancement of the Drude weight and a reduction of the out-of-plane interband contribution that act as a fingerprint of the emerging hole pocket. We further calculate the optical spectra for various possible magnetic phases including spin-density waves and discuss the results in the context of experiment. Finally, we investigate the role of the 2-2 versus 1-3 layer stacking and compare the bilayer nickelate to La4Ni3O10, La3Ni2O6, and NdNiO2, unveiling general trends in the optical spectrum as a function of the formal Ni valence in Ruddlesden-Popper versus reduced Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates.