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Large Language Models for Robotics: Opportunities, Challenges, and Perspectives

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arxiv 2401.04334 v1 pith:DWUCOHUM submitted 2024-01-09 cs.RO cs.AI

classification cs.ROcs.AI
keywords llmslanguageembodiedtasksmultimodalrobotroboticacross
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Large language models (LLMs) have undergone significant expansion and have been increasingly integrated across various domains. Notably, in the realm of robot task planning, LLMs harness their advanced reasoning and language comprehension capabilities to formulate precise and efficient action plans based on natural language instructions. However, for embodied tasks, where robots interact with complex environments, text-only LLMs often face challenges due to a lack of compatibility with robotic visual perception. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging integration of LLMs and multimodal LLMs into various robotic tasks. Additionally, we propose a framework that utilizes multimodal GPT-4V to enhance embodied task planning through the combination of natural language instructions and robot visual perceptions. Our results, based on diverse datasets, indicate that GPT-4V effectively enhances robot performance in embodied tasks. This extensive survey and evaluation of LLMs and multimodal LLMs across a variety of robotic tasks enriches the understanding of LLM-centric embodied intelligence and provides forward-looking insights toward bridging the gap in Human-Robot-Environment interaction.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. When Large Language Models Meet UAV Projects: An Empirical Study from Developers' Perspective

    cs.SE 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The first empirical taxonomy of LLM tasks in UAVs, with an academia-industry comparison and survey, shows LLMs are used mainly for planning and interaction, not direct control.

  2. A Human-in-the-loop Approach to Robot Action Replanning through LLM Common-Sense Reasoning

    cs.RO 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A human-in-the-loop system lets users refine vision-generated robot behavior trees through natural-language requests to GPT-4o, correcting errors and adapting plans before execution.

  3. AI or Human? Understanding Perceptions of Embodied Robots with LLMs

    cs.RO 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    In an embodied Turing Test with a physical robot, 34 participants could not identify AI versus human control above chance, and human operators were misidentified as AI far more often than the reverse.

  4. Fine-Tuning and Prompt Engineering of LLMs, for the Creation of Multi-Agent AI for Addressing Sustainable Protein Production Challenges

    cs.AI 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A proof-of-concept multi-agent GPT system for microbial protein literature extraction shows both fine-tuning and prompt engineering improve cosine-similarity scores, with fine-tuning slightly ahead but more variable.

  5. Application of LLMs to Multi-Robot Path Planning and Task Allocation

    cs.AI 2025-07 reject novelty 3.0 of 10

    An LLM planner triggered by ensemble uncertainty improves a QMIX agent's performance in the SimpleSpread multi-agent task, though the supporting experiments lack error bars and quantitative evaluation.

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