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Criterion for ultra-fast bubble walls: the impact of hydrodynamic obstruction

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arxiv 2401.05911 v2 pith:GFRJPAA4 submitted 2024-01-11 hep-ph astro-ph.COhep-th

classification hep-phastro-ph.COhep-th
keywords deker-moorefrictionhydrodynamicobstructionthermalwallbubblecriterion
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The B\"{o}deker-Moore thermal friction is usually used to determine whether or not a bubble wall can run away. However, the friction on the wall is not necessarily a monotonous function of the wall velocity and could have a maximum before it reaches the B\"{o}deker-Moore limit. In this paper, we compare the maximal hydrodynamic obstruction, a frictional force that exists in local thermal equilibrium, and the B\"{o}deker-Moore thermal friction. We study the former in a fully analytical way, clarifying its physical origin and providing a simple expression for its corresponding critical phase transition strength above which the driving force cannot be balanced out by the maximal hydrodynamic obstruction. We find that for large parameter space, the maximal hydrodynamic obstruction is larger than the B\"{o}deker-Moore thermal friction, indicating that the conventional criterion for the runaway behavior of the bubble wall may have to be modified. We also explain how to apply efficiently the modified criterion to particle physics models and discuss possible limitations of the analysis carried out in this paper.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Non-conformal obstructions to bubble expansion

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Non-conformal equations of state introduce wall and flow obstructions that delete entire classes of bubble solutions and create 'shocked detonations', shrinking the allowed wall-velocity space and suppressing gravitat...

  2. Can the universe be matter-dominated after a supercooled first-order phase transition?

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    After a supercooled first-order phase transition, the scalar field's equation of state is set by the bubble-wall Lorentz factor γ*, and matter domination is delayed until a/a* ≃ γ* in the free-streaming limit.

  3. Scalar damping in cosmological phase transitions

    hep-ph 2025-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    The scalar damping coefficient in the hydrodynamic friction term is extracted from kinetic theory for SM-like plasmas, and the runaway-wall pressure is found to bound the local friction from above.

  4. Bubble velocities in local equilibrium from a pseudopotential

    hep-ph 2025-11 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Terminal bubble-wall velocities in local equilibrium can be found by requiring degenerate minima of a field-only pseudopotential, avoiding scalar equations of motion and profile or equation-of-state assumptions.

  5. Entropy production at electroweak bubble walls from scalar field fluctuations

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Scalar fluctuations produce a nonvanishing entropy discontinuity across an electroweak bubble wall even in the zero-friction limit, showing LTE-based wall velocity upper bounds cannot be saturated.

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