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FMB: a Functional Manipulation Benchmark for Generalizable Robotic Learning

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arxiv 2401.08553 v3 pith:PE4G2LO5 submitted 2024-01-16 cs.RO

FMB: a Functional Manipulation Benchmark for Generalizable Robotic Learning

classification cs.RO
keywords manipulationtasksbenchmarkskillsfunctionallearningresearchersassembly
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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In this paper, we propose a real-world benchmark for studying robotic learning in the context of functional manipulation: a robot needs to accomplish complex long-horizon behaviors by composing individual manipulation skills in functionally relevant ways. The core design principles of our Functional Manipulation Benchmark (FMB) emphasize a harmonious balance between complexity and accessibility. Tasks are deliberately scoped to be narrow, ensuring that models and datasets of manageable scale can be utilized effectively to track progress. Simultaneously, they are diverse enough to pose a significant generalization challenge. Furthermore, the benchmark is designed to be easily replicable, encompassing all essential hardware and software components. To achieve this goal, FMB consists of a variety of 3D-printed objects designed for easy and accurate replication by other researchers. The objects are procedurally generated, providing a principled framework to study generalization in a controlled fashion. We focus on fundamental manipulation skills, including grasping, repositioning, and a range of assembly behaviors. The FMB can be used to evaluate methods for acquiring individual skills, as well as methods for combining and ordering such skills to solve complex, multi-stage manipulation tasks. We also offer an imitation learning framework that includes a suite of policies trained to solve the proposed tasks. This enables researchers to utilize our tasks as a versatile toolkit for examining various parts of the pipeline. For example, researchers could propose a better design for a grasping controller and evaluate it in combination with our baseline reorientation and assembly policies as part of a pipeline for solving multi-stage tasks. Our dataset, object CAD files, code, and evaluation videos can be found on our project website: https://functional-manipulation-benchmark.github.io

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Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Play2Perfect: What Matters in Dexterous Play Pretraining for Precise Assembly?

    cs.RO 2026-06 conditional novelty 6.0

    Task-agnostic RL play pretraining on diverse objects yields a reusable dexterous prior that makes sparse-reward assembly learning ~33× more sample-efficient and enables zero-shot sim-to-real transfer on tight insertio...

  2. villa-X: Enhancing Latent Action Modeling in Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.RO 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    villa-X enhances latent action modeling in VLA models to support zero-shot action planning for unseen robot embodiments and open-vocabulary instructions, yielding better manipulation results in simulation and real-wor...

  3. HybridVLA: Collaborative Diffusion and Autoregression in a Unified Vision-Language-Action Model

    cs.CV 2025-03 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    HybridVLA unifies diffusion and autoregression in a single VLA model via collaborative training and ensemble to raise robot manipulation success rates by 14% in simulation and 19% in real-world tasks.

  4. CogACT: A Foundational Vision-Language-Action Model for Synergizing Cognition and Action in Robotic Manipulation

    cs.RO 2024-11 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    CogACT is a new VLA model that uses a conditioned diffusion action transformer to achieve over 35% higher average success rates than OpenVLA in simulation and 55% in real-robot experiments while generalizing to new ro...

  5. OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model

    cs.RO 2024-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    OpenVLA achieves 16.5% higher task success than the 55B RT-2-X model across 29 tasks with 7x fewer parameters while enabling effective fine-tuning and quantization without performance loss.

  6. Octo: An Open-Source Generalist Robot Policy

    cs.RO 2024-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Octo is an open-source transformer-based generalist robot policy pretrained on 800k trajectories that serves as an effective initialization for finetuning across diverse robotic platforms.

  7. Play2Perfect: What Matters in Dexterous Play Pretraining for Precise Assembly?

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Play2Perfect uses task-agnostic RL play pretraining on diverse objects to build reusable manipulation priors, then fine-tunes for assembly, yielding 33x sample efficiency gains and 60% success on 0.5mm-clearance inser...

  8. Data Pyramid for Embodied Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 3.0

    Embodied training data form a five-layer pyramid—real-robot, UMI, ego/exo, simulation, general V–L—ordered by the trade-off between scale and robot alignment, and model capabilities track how those layers are mixed.