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Gravitational lensing of massive particles by a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole
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abstract
We investigate in detail the weak-field gravitational lensing of a relativistic neutral massive particle induced by a regular black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole proposed by Simpson and Visser. Starting with the calculation of the gravitational deflection of the massive particle up to the third post-Minkowskian order, the Virbhadra-Ellis lens equation is solved perturbatively beyond the weak-deflection limit to achieve the expressions for the lensing observables of the primary and secondary images of a point-like particle source. The main observables contain not only the positions, the flux magnifications, and the gravitational time delays of the individual images, but also the positional relations, the magnification relations (including the total magnification), the magnification centroid, and the differential time delay. We then discuss the velocity-induced effects originated from the deviation of the particle's initial velocity from the speed of light on the black-bounce-Schwarzschild lensing observables of the images of a point-like light source, and the effects induced by the bounce parameter of the spacetime on the measurable image properties of Schwarzschild lensing of the massive particle. As an application of the results, we model the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center (i.e., Sgr A$^{\ast}$) as the lens, and focus on evaluating the possibilities to detect the new velocity-induced and bounce-induced effects on the practical lensing observables and analyzing the dependence of these effects on the parameters.
Forward citations
Cited by 2 Pith papers
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Leading-order gravitational time delay of massive particles by a moving Schwarzschild lens
A unified 1PM formula gives the gravitational time delay of relativistic massive and massless particles by a radially moving Schwarzschild lens, matching known light and static limits.
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Strong field gravitational lensing of particles by a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole
For a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole, the paper derives the strong-deflection lensing observables for massive particles and quantifies how they differ from photon lensing.
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