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Large Language Models for Forecasting and Anomaly Detection: A Systematic Literature Review

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arxiv 2402.10350 v1 pith:N32I2BNR submitted 2024-02-15 cs.LG cs.AI

classification cs.LGcs.AI
keywords reviewllmsanomalydetectionforecastingmodelspotentialacross
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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This systematic literature review comprehensively examines the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in forecasting and anomaly detection, highlighting the current state of research, inherent challenges, and prospective future directions. LLMs have demonstrated significant potential in parsing and analyzing extensive datasets to identify patterns, predict future events, and detect anomalous behavior across various domains. However, this review identifies several critical challenges that impede their broader adoption and effectiveness, including the reliance on vast historical datasets, issues with generalizability across different contexts, the phenomenon of model hallucinations, limitations within the models' knowledge boundaries, and the substantial computational resources required. Through detailed analysis, this review discusses potential solutions and strategies to overcome these obstacles, such as integrating multimodal data, advancements in learning methodologies, and emphasizing model explainability and computational efficiency. Moreover, this review outlines critical trends that are likely to shape the evolution of LLMs in these fields, including the push toward real-time processing, the importance of sustainable modeling practices, and the value of interdisciplinary collaboration. Conclusively, this review underscores the transformative impact LLMs could have on forecasting and anomaly detection while emphasizing the need for continuous innovation, ethical considerations, and practical solutions to realize their full potential.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Text-ADBench: Text Anomaly Detection Benchmark based on LLMs Embedding

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    LLM embeddings improve text anomaly detection, shallow detectors match deep ones only under oracle embedding selection, and AUROC matrices are low-rank enough to support fast model evaluation.

  2. From Alerts to Intelligence: A Novel LLM-Aided Framework for Host-based Intrusion Detection

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    SHIELD, an LLM-aided pipeline combining a masked autoencoder, deterministic data augmentation, and multi-level prompting, detects host-based attacks with high precision on three public datasets.

  3. A Survey of Reasoning and Agentic Systems in Time Series with Large Language Models

    cs.AI 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The authors organize LLM-based time series reasoning into three exclusive topologies (direct, chain, branch) crossed with four objectives, and use them to label 125 papers, benchmarks, and resources.

  4. Foundation Models and Transformers for Anomaly Detection: A Survey

    cs.LG 2025-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    A taxonomy and literature review of Transformer-based visual anomaly detection, compromised by fabricated citations with dummy arXiv IDs.

  5. Large Language Models in Cybersecurity: Applications, Vulnerabilities, and Defense Techniques

    cs.CR 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A survey that maps LLM applications, vulnerabilities, and defenses across eight cybersecurity domains, but with significant citation and rigor problems.

  6. Good Enough to Learn: LLM-based Anomaly Detection in ECU Logs without Reliable Labels

    cs.LG 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A decoder-only LLM pre-trained on ECU log text and fine-tuned with an entropy regularizer detects cycle-time anomalies with 0.81 region recall despite noisy labels.

  7. A Survey of AIOps in the Era of Large Language Models

    cs.SE 2025-06 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A systematic survey that categorizes LLM-based AIOps research into four dimensions: data sources, tasks, methods, and evaluation, claiming to be the first comprehensive such overview.

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