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Policy Space Response Oracles: A Survey
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Game theory provides a mathematical way to study the interaction between multiple decision makers. However, classical game-theoretic analysis is limited in scalability due to the large number of strategies, precluding direct application to more complex scenarios. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of a framework for large games, known as Policy Space Response Oracles (PSRO), which holds promise to improve scalability by focusing attention on sufficient subsets of strategies. We first motivate PSRO and provide historical context. We then focus on the strategy exploration problem for PSRO: the challenge of assembling effective subsets of strategies that still represent the original game well with minimum computational cost. We survey current research directions for enhancing the efficiency of PSRO, and explore the applications of PSRO across various domains. We conclude by discussing open questions and future research.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Beyond Bayesian Nash: Learning Minimax-Regret Equilibria for Adversarial Team Games under Asymmetric Information
PR-MRE hedges regret over high-confidence type subsets and, via PRMRE-PSRO, yields more distribution-shift-robust team policies than BNE on graph Capture-the-Flag.
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Evolving in the Agent Jungle via History-Informed Opponent Awareness
OASE filters LLM agent skill revisions through paired tests against historical opponent snapshots, yielding lower equilibrium distance and fewer accepted edits in auctions and Cournot games.
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Offline Nash Solvers Meet Online Tree Search in Multi-Agent Games on Graphs
Primitive-Guided Tree Search combines offline exact Nash solutions of 1v1/2v1 subgames with online SM-MCTS to produce coordinated multi-agent pursuit policies that outperform PSRO and neural MCTS baselines.
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CyGym: A Simulation-Based Game-Theoretic Analysis Framework for Cybersecurity
CyGym provides a Gym-based cyber simulation with a POSG formalization, zero-day modeling, and a PSRO-style solver, evaluated on a Volt Typhoon scenario.
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