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arxiv 2403.08619 v2 pith:KPKS4EA3 submitted 2024-03-13 hep-ex astro-ph.HE

Measurements of the charge ratio and polarization of cosmic-ray muons with the Super-Kamiokande detector

H. Kitagawa , T. Tada , K. Abe , C. Bronner , Y. Hayato , K. Hiraide , K. Hosokawa , K. Ieki
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M. Ikeda J. Kameda Y. Kanemura R. Kaneshima Y. Kashiwagi Y. Kataoka S. Miki S. Mine M. Miura S. Moriyama Y. Nakano M. Nakahata S. Nakayama Y. Noguchi K. Okamoto K. Sato H. Sekiya H. Shiba K. Shimizu M. Shiozawa Y. Sonoda Y. Suzuki A. Takeda Y. Takemoto A. Takenaka H. Tanaka S. Watanabe T. Yano S. Han T. Kajita K. Okumura T. Tashiro T. Tomiya X. Wang S. Yoshida G. D. Megias P. Fernandez L. Labarga N. Ospina B. Zaldivar B. W. Pointon E. Kearns J. L. Raaf L. Wan T. Wester J. Bian N. J. Griskevich S. Locke M. B. Smy H. W. Sobel V. Takhistov A. Yankelevich J. Hill M. C. Jang S. H. Lee D. H. Moon R. G. Park B. Bodur K. Scholberg C. W. Walter A. Beauch\^ene O. Drapier A. Giampaolo Th. A. Mueller A. D. Santos P. Paganini B. Quilain R. Rogly T. Nakamura J. S. Jang L. N. Machado J. G. Learned K. Choi N. Iovine S. Cao L. H. V. Anthony D. Martin N. W. Prouse M. Scott A. A. Sztuc Y. Uchida V. Berardi N. F. Calabria M. G. Catanesi E. Radicioni A. Langella G. De Rosa G. Collazuol F. Iacob M. Lamoureux M. Mattiazzi L. Ludovici M. Gonin L. P\'eriss\'e G. Pronost C. Fujisawa Y. Maekawa Y. Nishimura R. Okazaki R. Akutsu M. Friend T. Hasegawa T. Ishida T. Kobayashi M. Jakkapu T. Matsubara T. Nakadaira K. Nakamura Y. Oyama K. Sakashita T. Sekiguchi T. Tsukamoto N. Bhuiyan G. T. Burton F. Di Lodovico J. Gao A. Goldsack T. Katori J. Migenda R. M. Ramsden Z. Xie S. Zsoldos Y. Kotsar H. Ozaki A. T. Suzuki Y. Takagi Y. Takeuchi H. Zhong J. Feng L. Feng J. R. Hu Z. Hu M. Kawaue T. Kikawa M. Mori T. Nakaya R. A. Wendell K. Yasutome S. J. Jenkins N. McCauley P. Mehta A. Tarant M. J. Wilking Y. Fukuda Y. Itow H. Menjo K. Ninomiya Y. Yoshioka J. Lagoda M. Mandal P. Mijakowski Y. S. Prabhu J. Zalipska M. Jia J. Jiang C. K. Jung W. Shi C. Yanagisawa M. Harada Y. Hino H. Ishino Y. Koshio F. Nakanishi S. Sakai T. Tano T. Ishizuka G. Barr D. Barrow L. Cook S. Samani D. Wark A. Holin F. Nova S. Jung B. S. Yang J. Y. Yang J. Yoo J. E. P. Fannon L. Kneale M. Malek J. M. McElwee M. D. Thiesse L. F. Thompson S. T. Wilson H. Okazawa S. M. Lakshmi S. B. Kim E. Kwon J. W. Seo I. Yu A. K. Ichikawa K. D. Nakamura S. Tairafune K. Nishijima A. Eguchi K. Nakagiri Y. Nakajima S. Shima N. Taniuchi E. Watanabe M. Yokoyama P. de Perio S. Fujita C. Jes\'us-Valls K. Martens K. M. Tsui M. R. Vagins J. Xia S. Izumiyama M. Kuze R. Matsumoto K. Terada M. Ishitsuka H. Ito T. Kinoshita Y. Ommura N. Shigeta M. Shinoki T. Suganuma K. Yamauchi T. Yoshida J. F. Martin H. A. Tanaka T. Towstego R. Gaur V. Gousy-Leblanc M. Hartz A. Konaka X. Li S. Chen B. D. Xu B. Zhang M. Posiadala-Zezula S. B. Boyd R. Edwards D. Hadley M. Nicholson M. O'Flaherty B. Richards A. Ali B. Jamieson S. Amanai Ll. Marti A. Minamino G. Pintaudi S. Sano S. Suzuki K. Wada
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classification hep-ex astro-ph.HE
keywords mathrmmuoncosmic-raypolarizationchargemeasurementsmodelmuons
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We present the results of the charge ratio ($R$) and polarization ($P^{\mu}_{0}$) measurements using the decay electron events collected from 2008 September to 2022 June by the Super-Kamiokande detector. Because of its underground location and long operation, we performed high precision measurements by accumulating cosmic-ray muons. We measured the muon charge ratio to be $R=1.32 \pm 0.02$ $(\mathrm{stat.}{+}\mathrm{syst.})$ at $E_{\mu}\cos \theta_{\mathrm{Zenith}}=0.7^{+0.3}_{-0.2}$ $\mathrm{TeV}$, where $E_{\mu}$ is the muon energy and $\theta_{\mathrm{Zenith}}$ is the zenith angle of incoming cosmic-ray muons. This result is consistent with the Honda flux model while this suggests a tension with the $\pi K$ model of $1.9\sigma$. We also measured the muon polarization at the production location to be $P^{\mu}_{0}=0.52 \pm 0.02$ $(\mathrm{stat.}{+}\mathrm{syst.})$ at the muon momentum of $0.9^{+0.6}_{-0.1}$ $\mathrm{TeV}/c$ at the surface of the mountain; this also suggests a tension with the Honda flux model of $1.5\sigma$. This is the most precise measurement ever to experimentally determine the cosmic-ray muon polarization near $1~\mathrm{TeV}/c$. These measurement results are useful to improve the atmospheric neutrino simulations.

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