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Large Language Models and Causal Inference in Collaboration: A Survey

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arxiv 2403.09606 v3 pith:GSRV7F2Q submitted 2024-03-14 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords causalllmsinferencelanguagemodelsreasoningadvancedfairness
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Causal inference has shown potential in enhancing the predictive accuracy, fairness, robustness, and explainability of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models by capturing causal relationships among variables. The emergence of generative Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly impacted various NLP domains, particularly through their advanced reasoning capabilities. This survey focuses on evaluating and improving LLMs from a causal view in the following areas: understanding and improving the LLMs' reasoning capacity, addressing fairness and safety issues in LLMs, complementing LLMs with explanations, and handling multimodality. Meanwhile, LLMs' strong reasoning capacities can in turn contribute to the field of causal inference by aiding causal relationship discovery and causal effect estimations. This review explores the interplay between causal inference frameworks and LLMs from both perspectives, emphasizing their collective potential to further the development of more advanced and equitable artificial intelligence systems.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Generative Synthetic Data for Causal Inference: Pitfalls, Remedies, and Opportunities

    stat.ME 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Prediction-tuned synthetic data can pass realism tests while distorting average treatment effects, and separating covariate generation from treatment/outcome modeling largely fixes it.

  2. Unveiling Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models: Reality or Mirage?

    cs.AI 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    LLMs perform much worse on causal questions built from post-cutoff news articles, suggesting their apparent causal skill is mostly memorization, and a general-knowledge prompt method only partly closes the gap.

  3. Explainability of Large Language Models: Opportunities and Challenges toward Generating Trustworthy Explanations

    cs.CL 2025-10 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    LLM explanations split into local and mechanistic tracks; the paper argues they are trustworthy only if they pass causal and contrastive stress tests, adapt to the explainee, and satisfy eight trust principles.

  4. Deploying AI for Signal Processing education: Selected challenges and intriguing opportunities

    eess.SP 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    AI can be used to generate interactive signal processing courseware, but the paper offers no evidence that students learn better from it.

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