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An Image Is Worth 1000 Lies: Adversarial Transferability across Prompts on Vision-Language Models

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arxiv 2403.09766 v1 pith:ZTWL4FFA submitted 2024-03-14 cs.CV

An Image Is Worth 1000 Lies: Adversarial Transferability across Prompts on Vision-Language Models

classification cs.CV
keywords adversarialdifferentpromptstransferabilitycropamodelsvlmscross-prompt
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Different from traditional task-specific vision models, recent large VLMs can readily adapt to different vision tasks by simply using different textual instructions, i.e., prompts. However, a well-known concern about traditional task-specific vision models is that they can be misled by imperceptible adversarial perturbations. Furthermore, the concern is exacerbated by the phenomenon that the same adversarial perturbations can fool different task-specific models. Given that VLMs rely on prompts to adapt to different tasks, an intriguing question emerges: Can a single adversarial image mislead all predictions of VLMs when a thousand different prompts are given? This question essentially introduces a novel perspective on adversarial transferability: cross-prompt adversarial transferability. In this work, we propose the Cross-Prompt Attack (CroPA). This proposed method updates the visual adversarial perturbation with learnable prompts, which are designed to counteract the misleading effects of the adversarial image. By doing this, CroPA significantly improves the transferability of adversarial examples across prompts. Extensive experiments are conducted to verify the strong cross-prompt adversarial transferability of CroPA with prevalent VLMs including Flamingo, BLIP-2, and InstructBLIP in various different tasks. Our source code is available at \url{https://github.com/Haochen-Luo/CroPA}.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    DeBias-Attack corrects surrogate-specific bias in adversarial gradients for VLP models by subtracting the projection from a reference branch optimized on weak-semantic images.

  2. A Cross-Modal Prompt Injection Attack against Large Vision-Language Models with Image-Only Perturbation

    cs.CR 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    CrossMPI steers both visual and textual interpretations in LVLMs through image-only perturbations by optimizing in hidden-state space at selected middle layers with distance-based budget allocation.

  3. Jailbreaking Frontier Foundation Models Through Intention Deception

    cs.CR 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    A multi-turn intention-deception jailbreak achieves high success on GPT-5 and Claude models while exposing para-jailbreaking where models leak harmful information without direct refusal.

  4. On Adversarial Vulnerability of Vision-Language Models through the Lens of Intermediate Spectral Subspaces

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Aligning adversarial perturbations with the near-null singular directions of intermediate linear layers in transformer VLMs yields stronger attacks than existing feature- and output-space methods.

  5. JECA^2: Judgment-Explanation Consistent Adversarial Attack against Forensic Vision-Language Models

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    JECA^2 is a new white-box attack method using Grad-CAM-guided perturbations and prompt embedding optimization to achieve judgment-explanation consistent adversarial attacks on forensic VLMs.