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Primordial black hole probes of heavy neutral leptons
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abstract
Primordial black holes (PBH), while still constituting a viable dark matter component, are expected to evaporate through Hawking radiation. Assuming the semi-classical approximation holds up to near the Planck scale, PBHs are expected to evaporate by the present time, emitting a significant flux of particles in their final moments, if produced in the early Universe with an initial mass of $\sim 10^{15}$ g. These ``exploding'' black holes will release a burst of Standard Model particles alongside any additional degrees of freedom, should they exist. We explore the possibility that heavy neutral leptons (HNL), mixing with active neutrinos, are emitted in the final evaporation stages. We perform a multimessenger analysis. We calculate the expected number of active neutrinos from such an event, including contributions due to the HNL decay for different assumptions on the mixings, that could be visible in IceCube. We also estimate the number of gamma-ray events expected at HAWC. By combining the two signals, we infer sensitivities on the active-sterile neutrino mixing and on the sterile neutrino mass. We find that, for instance, for the scenario where $U_{\tau 4}\neq 0$, IceCube and HAWC could improve current constraints by a few orders of magnitude, for HNLs masses between 0.1 - 1 GeV, and a PBH explosion occurring at a distance of $\sim 10^{-4}$ pc from Earth.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Hawking emission of massive vector fields by Kerr black holes
First computation of massive vector (Proca) Hawking emission spectra from Kerr black holes, including polarization-dependent greybody factors, Page functions, and mass-enhanced superradiance up to ~7%.
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Diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino data, plus CMB ionization limits, constrain the memory-burden parameters k, q, and delta for primordial black holes and narrow viable dark matter masses to a broad but testable window.
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Antinuclei from Primordial Black Holes
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Machine Learning-Based Analytical Expressions for Gray-Body Factors and Application to Primordial Black Holes
Symbolic regression is used to derive compact error-function approximations for Schwarzschild gray-body factors, and the approximations reproduce the Hawking spectra and primordial black hole constraints from full num...
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Probing light axion-like particle via primordial black hole evaporation with gamma-ray observations
PBH-emitted ALPs converting in cosmic magnetic fields, and PBH electrons scattering off ALP dark-matter halos, could create gamma-ray signals detectable by AMEGO, e-ASTROGAM, and MAST, with projected coupling reach ne...
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Relativistic accretion and burdened primordial black holes
Combining relativistic accretion with memory-burdened evaporation widens the parameter space for primordial black holes as dark matter and changes dark matter and dark radiation emission predictions.
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