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Towards a Linear-Ramp QAOA protocol: Evidence of a scaling advantage in solving some combinatorial optimization problems

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arxiv 2405.09169 v3 pith:RW2RVIAO submitted 2024-05-15 quant-ph math.OC

classification quant-phmath.OC
keywords lr-qaoaoptimizationqaoaadvantagealgorithmapproximatecombinatorialcops
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), with performance governed by variational parameters $\{\gamma_i, \beta_i\}_{i=0}^{p-1}$. While most prior work has focused on classically optimizing these parameters, we demonstrate that fixed linear ramp schedules, linear ramp QAOA (LR-QAOA), can efficiently approximate optimal solutions across diverse COPs. Simulations with up to $N_q=42$ qubits and $p=400$ layers suggest that the success probability scales as $P(x^*) \approx 2^{-\eta(p) N_q + C}$, where $\eta(p)$ decreases with increasing $p$. For example, in Weighted Maxcut instances, $\eta(10) = 0.22$ improves to $\eta(100) = 0.05$. Comparisons with classical algorithms, including simulated annealing, Tabu Search, and branch-and-bound, show a scaling advantage for LR-QAOA. We show results of LR-QAOA on multiple QPUs (IonQ, Quantinuum, IBM) with up to $N_q = 109$ qubits, $p=100$, and circuits requiring 21,200 CNOT gates. Finally, we present a noise model based on two-qubit gate counts that accurately reproduces the experimental behavior of LR-QAOA.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Fundamental Limitations of QAOA on Constrained Problems and a Route to Exponential Enhancement

    quant-ph 2025-11 reject novelty 8.0 of 10

    Standard QAOA faces an intrinsic feasibility bottleneck on permutation problems that CE QAOA overcomes with an exponential gain in feasible probability for sublinear-to-linear depths under mild hypergraph growth.

  2. A Reality Check on Quantum Optimisation: Evidence from an Industrial Case Study

    cs.AR 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    On industrial job-shop scheduling instances, IBM and D-Wave quantum hardware solve only toy problems; the Fujitsu Digital Annealer with tailored QUBO formulations handles industry-scale instances and beats the paper's...

  3. Quantum-Informed Portfolio Selection: An End-to-End Pipeline Validated on Trapped-Ion Hardware with Real Market Data

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    qReduMIS, using QAOA frozen-node signals plus classical reductions, solves real market MIS portfolio instances up to 225 assets on Helios with far better success and TTS scaling than standalone QAOA.

  4. Quantum Portfolio Optimization: An Extensive Benchmark

    quant-ph 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    On a new 260-instance real-world benchmark, classical MIP and heuristics clearly outperform quantum annealing and QAOA for a volatility-minimizing portfolio optimization variant.

  5. Optimizing QAOA circuit transpilation with parity twine and SWAP network encodings

    quant-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A simulated-annealing qubit-ordering step makes parity twine and SWAP network encodings beat Qiskit's transpiler for QAOA circuits above a connectivity threshold, and parity twine runs up to 20 qubits on IBM hardware.

  6. A Hybrid Classical-Quantum Approach for Multi-Constrained Location Optimization Problem

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Combining Unbalanced Penalization, a linear parameter ramp, and warm-started QAOA improves solution quality and feasibility for small Maximal Covering Location Problem instances.

  7. An Exclusive-Sum-of-Products Pipeline for QAOA

    quant-ph 2025-08 reject novelty 3.0 of 10

    QAOA constraint encoding via ESOP Boolean expressions is claimed to improve approximation ratios on MIS, but the derivation is flawed.

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