Space-time superpositions as fluctuating geometries

Aurora Colter; Kallan Berglund; Manuel Diaz; Martin Bojowald

RECORD

Space-time superpositions as fluctuating geometries

Kallan Berglund, Martin Bojowald, Aurora Colter, Manuel Diaz

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Submitted 30 May 2024

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim A detailed analysis in the weak-field limit reveals quantum corrections to Newton's potential in generic semiclassical states, as well as new bounds on quantum fluctuations, implied by the covariance condition, rather than the usual uncertainty principle.

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arXiv ID2405.20193 (version 1)

Pith ID6URGLDYS, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationAurora Colter, Kallan Berglund, Manuel Diaz, Martin Bojowald. "Space-time superpositions as fluctuating geometries." arXiv:2405.20193 (2024). https://pith.science/paper/6URGLDYS

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The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,950 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.06 · states limitation 0.31 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.29 · compares with prior results 0.50 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

Superpositions of black holes can be described geometrically using a combined canonical formulation for space-time and quantum states. A previously introduced black-hole model that includes quantum fluctuations of metric components is shown here to give full access to the corresponding space-time geometry of weak-field gravity in terms of suitable line elements with quantum corrections. These results can be interpreted as providing covariant formulations of the gravitational force implied by a distribution of black holes in superposition. They can also be understood as a distribution of quantum matter constituents in superposition for a single black hole. A detailed analysis in the weak-field limit reveals quantum corrections to Newton's potential in generic semiclassical states, as well as new bounds on quantum fluctuations, implied by the covariance condition, rather than the usual uncertainty principle. These results provide additional control on quantum effects in Newton's potential that can be used in a broad range of predictions to be compared with observations.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	Superpositions of black holes can be described geometrically using a combined canonical formulation for space-time and quantum states.	method 0.38	0.46	0.23	asserted 0.88
s1	A previously introduced black-hole model that includes quantum fluctuations of metric components is shown here to give full access to the corresponding space-time geometry of weak-field gravity in terms of suitable line elements with quantum corrections.	contribution 0.48	0.84	0.39	asserted 1.00
s2	These results can be interpreted as providing covariant formulations of the gravitational force implied by a distribution of black holes in superposition.	interpretation 1.00	0.72	0.24	hedged possibility 0.86
s3	They can also be understood as a distribution of quantum matter constituents in superposition for a single black hole.	interpretation 1.00	0.59	0.10	hedged possibility 0.60
s4	A detailed analysis in the weak-field limit reveals quantum corrections to Newton's potential in generic semiclassical states, as well as new bounds on quantum fluctuations, implied by the covariance condition, rather than the usual uncertainty principle.	result 0.98	0.90	0.40	asserted 1.00
s5	These results provide additional control on quantum effects in Newton's potential that can be used in a broad range of predictions to be compared with observations.	interpretation 0.51	0.78	0.22	asserted 0.90

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 1.00.

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arXiv listing abstract v1

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

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S sections
T body sentences
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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

Superpositions of black holes can be described geometrically using a combined canonical formulation for space-time and quantum states. A previously introduced black-hole model that includes quantum fluctuations of metric components is shown here to give full access to the corresponding space-time geometry of weak-field gravity in terms of suitable line elements with quantum corrections. These results can be interpreted as providing covariant formulations of the gravitational force implied by a distribution of black holes in superposition. They can also be understood as a distribution of quantum matter constituents in superposition for a single black hole. A detailed analysis in the weak-field limit reveals quantum corrections to Newton's potential in generic semiclassical states, as well as new bounds on quantum fluctuations, implied by the covariance condition, rather than the usual uncertainty principle. These results provide additional control on quantum effects in Newton's potential that can be used in a broad range of predictions to be compared with observations.

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What this paper does with the arXiv papers it cites

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

What it cites · 22 sentences without a confident label

Uses the method or tool of 1 paper

Our methods were originally developed in [ref] and evaluated in Schwarzschild-type coordinates.

Quasiclassical solutions for static quantum black holes · Conclusions · 0.96

Compares with 2 papers

From the first two terms of the expansion, we obtain the solution [equation] To first order in $b/x$, this result is consistent with the corresponding solution derived for Schwarzschild coordinates in [ref] .

Quasiclassical solutions for static quantum black holes · Solutions · 1.00
Therefore, our quantum corrections are always greater than what is expected from perturbative quantum gravity as derived (with varying results) for instance in [ref] .

Effective Field Theory of Gravity: Leading Quantum Gravitational Corrections to Newtons and Coulombs Law · Effective potentials · 0.95

Cites as background 6 papers

Recent examples of such studies include [ref] for superpositions of spherically symmetric masses or shells.

Quantum signatures of black hole mass superpositions · Current approaches · 0.89
Recent examples of such studies include [ref] for superpositions of spherically symmetric masses or shells.

Gravitational quantum switch on a superposition of spherical shells · Current approaches · 0.89
For instance, various proposals in [ref] analyze potential aspects of quantum superpositions of test-particle states at locations that experience different values of proper time, due to their location in the gravitational potential well of a larger mass.

Quantum clocks observe classical and quantum time dilation · Current approaches · 0.90

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