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Autoregressive Speech Synthesis without Vector Quantization
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Autoregressive Speech Synthesis without Vector Quantization
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We present MELLE, a novel continuous-valued token based language modeling approach for text-to-speech synthesis (TTS). MELLE autoregressively generates continuous mel-spectrogram frames directly from text condition, bypassing the need for vector quantization, which is typically designed for audio compression and sacrifices fidelity compared to continuous representations. Specifically, (i) instead of cross-entropy loss, we apply regression loss with a proposed spectrogram flux loss function to model the probability distribution of the continuous-valued tokens; (ii) we have incorporated variational inference into MELLE to facilitate sampling mechanisms, thereby enhancing the output diversity and model robustness. Experiments demonstrate that, compared to the two-stage codec language model VALL-E and its variants, the single-stage MELLE mitigates robustness issues by avoiding the inherent flaws of sampling vector-quantized codes, achieves superior performance across multiple metrics, and, most importantly, offers a more streamlined paradigm. The demos of our work are provided at https://aka.ms/melle.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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A Novel Automatic Framework for Speaker Drift Detection in Synthesized Speech
A framework detects speaker drift in TTS outputs by computing cosine similarities across speech segments and using LLMs for binary classification, supported by a human-validated synthetic benchmark.
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UniVoice: Unifying Autoregressive ASR and Flow-Matching based TTS with Large Language Models
A single LLM can do ASR and zero-shot TTS on continuous speech features by switching between causal and bidirectional attention, reaching competitive but not state-of-the-art results.
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CosyVoice 3: Towards In-the-wild Speech Generation via Scaling-up and Post-training
CosyVoice 3 achieves better content consistency, speaker similarity, and prosody naturalness in zero-shot multilingual speech synthesis by scaling data to one million hours, model size to 1.5 billion parameters, and i...
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CLEAR: Continuous Latent Autoregressive Modeling for High-quality and Low-latency Speech Synthesis
CLEAR is a zero-shot TTS model that autoregressively predicts compact continuous audio latents with a per-token rectified flow head, reaching 1.88% WER on LibriSpeech Subset-B with an RTF of 0.29 and a 96 ms streaming delay.
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CosyVoice 2: Scalable Streaming Speech Synthesis with Large Language Models
CosyVoice 2 delivers human-parity naturalness and near-lossless streaming speech synthesis by combining finite-scalar quantization, a streamlined pre-trained LLM, and chunk-aware causal flow matching on large multilin...
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F5-TTS: A Fairytaler that Fakes Fluent and Faithful Speech with Flow Matching
F5-TTS generates natural speech from text via flow matching on DiT with simple text padding, ConvNeXt refinement, and sway sampling, trained on 100K hours multilingual data.
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