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Discovering the Cosmic Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes using Nano-Hertz Gravitational Waves and Galaxy Surveys

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arxiv 2407.11669 v1 pith:JN3CHJCI submitted 2024-07-16 astro-ph.CO astro-ph.GAgr-qc

classification astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAgr-qc
keywords evolutiongalaxysgwbsmbhsblackcosmiccross-correlationgravitational
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The formation and evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the Universe remains an open question in cosmology. We show for the first time that the evolution of SMBHs with redshift leads to a unique signature on the angular cross-correlation power spectrum between the multi-frequency nano-hertz (nHz) stochastic gravitational wave (SGWB) and the galaxy density in the Universe. By using galaxy catalogs from the upcoming Rubin LSST Observatory in synergy with the nHz SGWB signal accessible from the Square Kilometer Array, we can measure this signal with a signal-to-noise ratio above five, thereby opening a new observational window to the cosmic evolution of SMBHs across redshift. This discovery space that can be opened by the cross-correlation of the nHz SGWB will not be possible by any other currently known techniques.

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Forward citations

Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Bias from small-scale leakage in Pulsar Timing Array maps

    astro-ph.IM 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Unmodeled small-scale gravitational-wave power systematically inflates reconstructed large-scale angular power spectra in pulsar timing array anisotropy searches.

  2. The Gravitational Wave Bias Parameter from Angular Power Spectra: Bridging Between Galaxies and Binary Black Holes

    astro-ph.GA 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The gravitational wave bias of mock binary black holes increases with the pivot mass of the assumed host galaxy mass selection, and can exceed the galaxy bias by up to about 30 percent only for steep host probability slopes.

  3. Cosmic Variance in Anisotropy Searches at Pulsar Timing Arrays

    astro-ph.CO 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Cosmic variance does not create false anisotropy detections in pulsar timing array searches when the correct likelihood is used, and the maximum resolvable multipole scales as the number of pulsars rather than its squ...

  4. Multi-Tracer Correlated Stacking: A Novel Way to Discover Anisotropy in nano-Hz Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background

    astro-ph.CO 2025-01 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A stacking statistic over galaxy-overdense pixels distinguishes simulated isotropic from AGN-traced anisotropic nanohertz gravitational-wave backgrounds.

  5. A White Paper on The Multi-Messenger Science Landscape in India

    astro-ph.HE 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 1.0 of 10

    No new scientific result is presented; the document reviews multi-messenger science and recommends a national coordination center linking Indian gravitational wave, electromagnetic, cosmic ray, and neutrino facilities.

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