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Fine-structure constant sensitivity of the Th-229 nuclear clock transition
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abstract
State-resolved laser spectroscopy at the 10$^{-12}$ precision level recently reported in $arXiv$:2406.18719 determined the fractional change in nuclear quadrupole moment between the ground and isomeric state of $^{229}\rm{Th}$, $\Delta Q_0/Q_0$=1.791(2) %. Assuming a prolate spheroid nucleus, this allows to quantify the sensitivity of the nuclear transition frequency to variations of the fine-structure constant $\alpha$ to $K=5900(2300)$, with the uncertainty dominated by the experimentally measured charge radius difference $\Delta \langle r^2 \rangle$ between the ground and isomeric state. This result indicates a three orders of magnitude enhancement over atomic clock schemes based on electron shell transitions. We find that $\Delta Q_0$ is highly sensitive to tiny changes in the nuclear volume, thus the constant volume approximation cannot be used to accurately relate changes in $\langle r^2 \rangle$ and $Q_0$. The difference between the experimental and estimated values in $\Delta Q_0/Q_0$ raises a further question on the octupole contribution to the alpha-sensitivity.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Laser-Induced Quenching of the Th-229 Nuclear Clock Isomer in Calcium Fluoride
Laser light quenches the 229Th isomer in CaF2, shortening its lifetime threefold at room temperature; the effect is wavelength-independent below 420 nm, temperature-activated, and absent above 729 nm.
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A First Bound on the Moffat Energy and Thorium--229 Clock as a Probe of the Nonlocal Time-Energy Structure
Published 229Th clock data, under an assumed quadratic nonlocal frequency-shift with unit coefficient, set E_M > 22.3 MeV (direct), >1.72 GeV (enhanced), and up to ~27 TeV (nuclear-scale illustration).
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Using the Th III Ion for a Nuclear Clock and Searches for New Physics
Predicted 10,000-fold electronic-bridge enhancement for exciting the 229Th nuclear clock transition in Th III, plus a 1.7-times lifetime reduction and strong new-physics sensitivity factors.
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Electronic Bridge processes in $^{229}$Th-doped LiCAF and LiSAF
In thorium-doped LiCAF and LiSAF crystals, laser-assisted electronic bridge processes can excite and quench the 229Th nuclear clock transition far faster than direct laser excitation or radiative decay.
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