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$\textit{MMJ-Bench}$: A Comprehensive Study on Jailbreak Attacks and Defenses for Multimodal Large Language Models

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arxiv 2408.08464 v4 pith:B34PICCL submitted 2024-08-16 cs.CR

classification cs.CR
keywords mllmsattacksjailbreakcomprehensivedefenseeffectivenesslanguagelarge
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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As deep learning advances, Large Language Models (LLMs) and their multimodal counterparts, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), have shown exceptional performance in many real-world tasks. However, MLLMs face significant security challenges, such as jailbreak attacks, where attackers attempt to bypass the model's safety alignment to elicit harmful responses. The threat of jailbreak attacks on MLLMs arises from both the inherent vulnerabilities of LLMs and the multiple information channels that MLLMs process. While various attacks and defenses have been proposed, there is a notable gap in unified and comprehensive evaluations, as each method is evaluated on different dataset and metrics, making it impossible to compare the effectiveness of each method. To address this gap, we introduce \textit{MMJ-Bench}, a unified pipeline for evaluating jailbreak attacks and defense techniques for MLLMs. Through extensive experiments, we assess the effectiveness of various attack methods against SoTA MLLMs and evaluate the impact of defense mechanisms on both defense effectiveness and model utility for normal tasks. Our comprehensive evaluation contribute to the field by offering a unified and systematic evaluation framework and the first public-available benchmark for MLLM jailbreak research. We also demonstrate several insightful findings that highlights directions for future studies.

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Forward citations

Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. V-DEAL: Diagnosing Video Safety De-Calibration as an Understanding-Refusal Coupling Failure

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Video LLMs understand harmful content but activate weaker refusal signals when the query is benign; prompt realignment reduces attack success from ~48% to ~1%.

  2. Con Instruction: Universal Jailbreaking of Multimodal Large Language Models via Non-Textual Modalities

    cs.CR 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Con Instruction embeds harmful textual instructions into adversarial images or audio by aligning their representations, achieving successful jailbreaks on several vision- and audio-language models.

  3. Seeing the Threat: Vulnerabilities in Vision-Language Models to Adversarial Attack

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A two-stage evaluation framework and token-projection analysis show that LVLMs encode harmful semantic cues from images even without OCR, while remaining vulnerable to cross-modal attacks.

  4. A Multimodal Automatic Redteaming Evaluation based on Atomic Jailbreak Strategy Decoupling and Combination

    cs.CR 2026-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A new jailbreak framework, HACA, combines atomic text and image attack strategies selected by a cross-modal planner and generates attacks with LLMs and text-to-image models, reaching 95.48% average attack success acro...

  5. A Survey of Safety on Large Vision-Language Models: Attacks, Defenses and Evaluations

    cs.CR 2025-02 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A survey of LVLM safety that adds a lifecycle taxonomy and new benchmark results showing Janus-Pro-7B has weaker safety than several open-source LVLMs.

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