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A Survey of Safety on Large Vision-Language Models: Attacks, Defenses and Evaluations

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arxiv 2502.14881 v1 pith:OT6JMT7W submitted 2025-02-14 cs.CR cs.CV

A Survey of Safety on Large Vision-Language Models: Attacks, Defenses and Evaluations

classification cs.CR cs.CV
keywords safetylvlmresearchanalysislvlmsmodelssurveyattacks
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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With the rapid advancement of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), ensuring their safety has emerged as a crucial area of research. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of LVLM safety, covering key aspects such as attacks, defenses, and evaluation methods. We introduce a unified framework that integrates these interrelated components, offering a holistic perspective on the vulnerabilities of LVLMs and the corresponding mitigation strategies. Through an analysis of the LVLM lifecycle, we introduce a classification framework that distinguishes between inference and training phases, with further subcategories to provide deeper insights. Furthermore, we highlight limitations in existing research and outline future directions aimed at strengthening the robustness of LVLMs. As part of our research, we conduct a set of safety evaluations on the latest LVLM, Deepseek Janus-Pro, and provide a theoretical analysis of the results. Our findings provide strategic recommendations for advancing LVLM safety and ensuring their secure and reliable deployment in high-stakes, real-world applications. This survey aims to serve as a cornerstone for future research, facilitating the development of models that not only push the boundaries of multimodal intelligence but also adhere to the highest standards of security and ethical integrity. Furthermore, to aid the growing research in this field, we have created a public repository to continuously compile and update the latest work on LVLM safety: https://github.com/XuankunRong/Awesome-LVLM-Safety .

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Cited by 10 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    cs.CV 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    MVI-Bench supplies the first taxonomy and dataset focused on misleading visual inputs to measure LVLM robustness, with tests on 18 models revealing clear weaknesses.

  2. CBV: Clean-label Backdoor Attacks on Vision Language Models via Diffusion Models

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    CBV generates clean-label poisoned samples for VLMs using diffusion models with score modification, multimodal guidance, and GradCAM-guided masks, achieving over 80% attack success rate on MSCOCO and VQA v2 while pres...

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    ThinkDeception introduces MLLMs, a multimodal CoT dataset, and VAC-GRPO progressive RL to convert deception detection into interpretable reasoning and claims new SOTA accuracy plus rationale quality.

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    ESC uses emotional cues triggered by an external verifier to enable training-free self-correction in VLMs, improving reliability on safety, hallucination, and reasoning benchmarks.

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    WARD is a guard model trained on 177K web samples and adversarially hardened via attacker-guard co-evolution to achieve high recall on prompt injections with low false positives and no added latency.

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