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The Compositions of Rocky Planets in Close-in Orbits Tend to be Earth-Like

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arxiv 2410.00213 v1 pith:OJLVSGPF submitted 2024-09-30 astro-ph.EP astro-ph.SR

The Compositions of Rocky Planets in Close-in Orbits Tend to be Earth-Like

classification astro-ph.EP astro-ph.SR
keywords compositionshostplanetplanetssuggestmassesabundanceappear
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Hundreds of exoplanets between 1-1.8 times the size of the Earth have been discovered on close in orbits. However, these planets show such a diversity in densities that some appear to be made entirely of iron, while others appear to host gaseous envelopes. To test this diversity in composition, we update the masses of 5 rocky exoplanets (HD 93963 A b, Kepler-10 b, Kepler-100 b, Kepler-407 b, and TOI-1444 b) and present the confirmation of a new planet (TOI-1011) using 187 high precision RVs from Gemini/MAROON-X and Keck/KPF. Our updated planet masses suggest compositions closer to that of the Earth than previous literature values for all planets in our sample. In particular, we report that two previously identified ``super-Mercuries'' (Kepler-100 b and HD 93963 A b) have lower masses that suggest less iron-rich compositions. We then compare the ratio of iron to rock-building species to the abundance ratios of those elements in their host stars. These updated planet compositions do not suggest a steep relationship between planet and host star compositions, contradictory to previous results, and suggest that planets and host stars have similar abundance ratios.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Dynamically Selected Mass-Radius Relationship for Low Mass Exoplanets

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Planets inferred to have suffered giant collisions are more massive than pristine ones but retain comparable hydrogen envelope fractions, implying collisions occurred before disk gas dispersal.

  2. The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG LXXVII. Occurrence rates of small close-in planets in the presence of cold Jupiters

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0

    Close-in small planets occur at ~5–16% around cold-Jupiter hosts, with no strong overall correlation at average stellar mass/metallicity, but elevated rates in dynamically stable inner regions.

  3. The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG LXXVII. Occurrence rates of small close-in planets in the presence of cold Jupiters

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 accept novelty 5.5

    Occurrence rates of hot/warm/cool Neptunes and Super-Earths around cold-Jupiter hosts are ~5–16%, higher when the outer giant leaves a stable inner zone, with no strong ISP–CJ correlation at average metallicity.